Effects of free‐tropospheric thermodynamic properties and large‐scale subsidence on the nocturnal growth of marine stratocumulus clouds are investigated through large‐eddy simulation based on Flight 5 of the Physics of Stratocumulus Top research campaign. It was characterized by a weak inversion and moist troposphere. Sensitivity simulations are performed using variations in the subsidence and free‐tropospheric temperature and humidity. The results confirm that the cloud‐top entrainment instability parameter κ alone cannot unambiguously control the behaviors of marine stratocumulus due to the opposite response of liquid water path (LWP) to changes in the humidity and temperature jumps with the same variation in κ, thereby both jumps should be considered separately. However, sometimes it could be considered as a joint factor of the humidity and temperature jumps controlling LWP even though cloud‐top entrainment instability does not occur or κ < 0. An obvious role of subsidence is to push the inversion layer down nearly identically and at the same rate under different ambient conditions. Enhanced subsidence, as expected, diminishes the entrainment rate, cloud‐top height, cloud thickness, and LWP. However, it has a small influence on the inversion thickness and the dynamic instability across the inversion. An LWP budget analysis shows that the direct effect of subsidence is a small reduction in the LWP, but the indirect effect of subsidence is large due to contributions from other physical processes. Therefore, subsidence is an important physical process controlling the LWP budget, even though its direct contribution is significantly smaller than the largest contributions from both radiation and entrainment.

中文翻译：

---

沉降和非对流层条件对非典型海洋平积层夜间生长的影响

基于平流层顶物理研究的第五次飞行，通过大涡模拟研究了对流层热力学性质和大范围沉降对海洋平流层云夜间生长的影响。它的特点是逆温弱和对流层潮湿。敏感度模拟是使用沉降和自由对流层温度和湿度的变化进行的。结果证实，单独的云顶夹带失稳参数κ不能明确控制海洋层积云的行为，这是由于液态水路径（LWP）对湿度和温度跃迁的变化具有相反的响应，而κ的变化相同，因此应分别考虑两次跳跃。然而，有时即使不发生云顶夹带不稳定或κ，也可以将其视为控制LWP的湿度和温度跳跃的共同因素。<0。下沉的一个明显作用是在不同的环境条件下以几乎相同的速率和相同的速率将反演层向下推。如预期的那样，下沉的增加会降低夹带率，云顶高度，云层厚度和LWP。但是，它对反演厚度和整个反演过程中的动态不稳定性影响很小。LWP预算分析显示，沉降的直接影响是LWP的小幅下降，但是由于其他物理过程的贡献，沉降的间接影响很大。因此，沉陷是控制LWP预算的重要物理过程，即使其直接贡献明显小于辐射和夹带的最大贡献。