Abstract Herein, sucrose-derived hydrothermal carbon spheres have been chosen as the hard template to successfully synthesize the ZnO hollow spheres with trace C remained (denoted as C/ZnO) via the facile adsorption and calcination. By subsequent sulfuration reaction, partial of ZnO in the C/ZnO can convert to ZnS, thus yielding the ternary composites C/ZnS/ZnO. It is found that the resultant ZnS content in the C/ZnS/ZnO hollow nanospheres catalysts could be tuned by the sulfuration time, which greatly affects the photocatalytic activity. Particularly, the C/ZnS/ZnO sample with 30 min sulfuration treatment exhibits the best photocatalytic activity toward the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation. Compared with the commercial ZnO and C/ZnO, both the trace C and ZnS are proved to improve the surface electron-transfer efficiency of the C/ZnS/ZnO hollow nanospheres. Meanwhile, its intrinsic hollow structure also successfully increases the light-harvesting efficiency. As a result, the C/ZnS/ZnO hollow nanospheres are verified to have the multi-enhanced photocatalytic performance.

中文翻译：

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具有多重增强可见光光催化性能的微量碳杂化ZnS/ZnO空心纳米球

摘要 本文选择蔗糖衍生的热液碳球作为硬模板，通过简单的吸附和煅烧成功合成了残留微量 C 的 ZnO 空心球（表示为 C/ZnO）。通过随后的硫化反应，C/ZnO 中的部分 ZnO 可以转化为 ZnS，从而产生三元复合材料 C/ZnS/ZnO。结果表明，硫化时间可以调节 C/ZnS/ZnO 空心纳米球催化剂中的 ZnS 含量，这极大地影响了光催化活性。特别是，经过 30 分钟硫化处理的 C/ZnS/ZnO 样品在可见光照射下对四环素 (TC) 的光降解表现出最佳的光催化活性。与商用 ZnO 和 C/ZnO 相比，痕量 C 和 ZnS 都被证明可以提高 C/ZnS/ZnO 中空纳米球的表面电子转移效率。同时，其固有的中空结构也成功地提高了捕光效率。结果，证实了C/ZnS/ZnO空心纳米球具有多重增强的光催化性能。