PURPOSE To determine the incidence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and its risk factors in the Tema Eye Survey in Ghana, West Africa. DESIGN Longitudinal, observational population-based study. PARTICIPANTS One thousand two hundred five of 1500 participants 40 years of age or older selected randomly from 5603 participants originally drawn from the population and who had undergone a baseline examination. METHODS All participants underwent baseline and follow-up ophthalmologic examinations 8 years apart. Glaucoma diagnosis was determined based on the International Society for Geographical and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence and odds ratio (OR). RESULTS The response rate was 80.3%. Of 1101 nonglaucomatous participants at baseline who had complete follow-up data, 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7%-5.2%) demonstrated OAG over the 8-year period, or 0.58% (95% CI, 0.4%-0.8%) per year. The 8-year incidence increased with age from 3.1% in those 40 to 49 years old to 7.0% in those 60 to 69 years old. Baseline risk factors for incident OAG were male gender (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.0; P = 0.025), older age relative to those 40 to 49 years old (those 50-50 years old: OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.7; those 60-69 years old: OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 2.0-8.8; and for those 70 years of age and older: OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 2.6-15.4; all P < 0.001), higher intraocular pressure (IOP; OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8; P < 0.001), larger vertical cup-to-disc ratio (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 5.2-6.6; P < 0.001), and thinner central cornea (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.03-1.5; P = 0.013). A separate analysis performed with central corneal thickness-based IOP correction did not change the outcome of the associative model of incident glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of OAG is higher in this population than reported in nonblack populations outside Africa. This is important not only in Ghana and probably other West African countries but also wherever people of the West African diaspora reside. These data enhance our understanding of the epidemiologic factors of OAG in this setting and may serve as reference for public health policy and planning.

中文翻译：

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特马眼调查中开角型青光眼的八年发病率。

目的在西非加纳的Tema眼科调查中确定开角型青光眼（OAG）的发生率及其危险因素。设计纵向的，基于人群的观察性研究。参与者从最初从人群中抽取并接受过基线检查的5603名参与者中，随机抽取1500名40岁或以上的参与者中的1,205名。方法所有参加者相隔8年接受基线和眼科检查。青光眼的诊断是根据国际地理和流行病学眼科标准确定的。主要观察指标发生率和优势比（OR）。结果回应率为80.3％。在基线时有完整随访数据的1101名非青光眼参与者中，有4.6％（95％置信区间[CI]，3.7％-5）。2％）在8年内显示出OAG，或每年0.58％（95％CI，0.4％-0.8％）。8年发病率随年龄增长而从40-49岁的3.1％上升到60-69岁的7.0％。发生OAG的基线危险因素是男性（OR，2.1； 95％CI，1.1-4.0； P = 0.025），相对于40-49岁年龄段的年龄较大（50-50岁：OR，2.6； 95） ％CI，1.2-5.7； 60-69岁的人群：OR，4.3； 95％CI，2.0-8.8； 70岁及以上的人群：OR，6.3； 95％CI，2.6-15.4；所有P <0.001），较高的眼内压（IOP; OR，1.4; 95％CI，1.1-1.8; P <0.001），较大的垂直杯碟比（OR，5.8; 95％CI，5.2-6.6; P < 0.001）和更薄的中央角膜（OR，1.2; 95％CI，1.03-1.5; P = 0.013）。使用基于中央角膜厚度的IOP校正进行的单独分析并没有改变入射青光眼的关联模型的结果。结论该人群中OAG的发生率高于非洲以外的非黑人人群中报道的OAG发生率。这不仅在加纳以及其他西非国家都很重要，而且在西非侨民居住的地方也很重要。这些数据加深了我们对这种情况下OAG流行病学因素的理解，并可以作为公共卫生政策和规划的参考。这不仅在加纳以及其他西非国家都很重要，而且在西非侨民居住的地方也很重要。这些数据加深了我们对这种情况下OAG流行病学因素的理解，并可以作为公共卫生政策和规划的参考。这不仅在加纳以及其他西非国家都很重要，而且在西非侨民居住的地方也很重要。这些数据加深了我们对这种情况下OAG流行病学因素的理解，并可以作为公共卫生政策和规划的参考。