This paper starts with a review on challenges and need of improved supercapacitor application, which is then followed by advantages of biomass compared with other materials for use in supercapacitor application. The conversion of biomass into carbon nanofiber using different techniques was extensively reviewed for its advantages and limitations. It was revealed that the materials currently used are yet to be fully sustainable or feasible for energy storage application. In contrast, biomass represents a widely available and sustainable material to be converted into carbon nanofiber for energy storage application. Different techniques were employed for carbon nanofiber production to achieve different objectives, comprising high product yield, feasible diameter adjustment, low electric consumption, and shorter production time. Nevertheless, it was revealed that many key properties of the biomass-derived carbon nanofiber have yet to be fully investigated, as there are still knowledge gaps to be filled for each technique. Thus, more studies are needed to broaden the existing understanding in the key parameters of different techniques in order to develop a highly desirable carbon nanofiber from biomass for sustainable energy storage application.

本文首先回顾了改进超级电容器应用所面临的挑战和需求，其次是与超级电容器应用中使用的其他材料相比，生物质的优势。使用不同技术将生物质转化为碳纳米纤维的优点和局限性得到了广泛的综述。据透露，目前使用的材料对于储能应用尚不完全可持续或可行。相比之下，生物质代表了一种广泛可用且可持续的材料，可以转化为碳纳米纤维用于储能应用。碳纳米纤维生产采用了不同的技术来实现不同的目标，包括高产品产量，可行的直径调节，低电耗和较短的生产时间。尽管如此，研究表明，生物质衍生的碳纳米纤维的许多关键特性尚未得到充分研究，因为每种技术仍然存在需要填补的知识空白。因此，需要更多的研究来拓宽对不同技术关键参数的现有理解，以便从生物质中开发出高度可取的碳纳米纤维，以实现可持续的储能应用。