Intensive livestock farming cannot be uncoupled from the massive production of manure, requiring adequate management to avoid environmental damage. The high carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of pig manure enables targeted resource recovery. Here, fifteen integrated scenarios for recovery of water, nutrients and energy are compared in terms of technical feasibility and economic viability. The recovery of refined nutrients with a higher market value and quality, i.e., (NH₄)₂SO₄ for N and struvite for P, coincided with higher net costs, compared to basic composting. The inclusion of anaerobic digestion promoted nutrient recovery efficiency, and enabled energy recovery through electricity production. Co-digestion of the manure with carbon-rich waste streams increased electricity production, but did not result in lower process costs. Overall, key drivers for the selection of the optimal manure treatment scenario will include the market demand for more refined (vs. separated or concentrated) products, and the need for renewable electricity production.

集约化畜牧业不能与粪便的大量生产脱钩，需要进行适当的管理以避免对环境的破坏。猪粪中高的碳，氮和磷含量可实现有针对性的资源回收。在此，从技术可行性和经济可行性的角度比较了十五种用于水，养分和能源回收的综合方案。回收具有较高市场价值和质量的精制营养素，即（NH ₄）₂ SO ₄与基本堆肥相比，氮肥和鸟粪石的净成本更高。厌氧消化的加入提高了养分的回收效率，并通过电力生产实现了能量回收。粪便与富含碳的废物流共同消化可增加电力生产，但并未降低工艺成本。总体而言，选择最佳粪肥处理方案的主要驱动力将包括市场对更精制（相对于分离或浓缩）产品的需求以及对可再生电力生产的需求。