Cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems has been well described in the context of adult physiology and disease. Recent advances in our understanding of immune cell ontogeny have revealed a notable interplay between neurons and microglia during the prenatal and postnatal emergence of functional circuits. This Review focuses on the brain, where the early symbiotic relationship between microglia and neuronal cells critically regulates wiring, contributes to sex-specific differences in neural circuits, and relays crucial information from the periphery, including signals derived from the microbiota. These observations underscore the importance of studying neurodevelopment as part of a broader framework that considers nervous system interactions with microglia in a whole-body context.

中文翻译：

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小胶质细胞和早期大脑发育：亲密之旅

在成人生理学和疾病的背景下，神经系统和免疫系统之间的串扰已经得到很好的描述。我们对免疫细胞个体发育的理解的最新进展揭示了在产前和产后功能回路出现期间神经元和小胶质细胞之间显着的相互作用。本综述重点关注大脑，其中小胶质细胞和神经元细胞之间的早期共生关系严格调节布线，导致神经回路的性别特异性差异，并传递来自外围的关键信息，包括来自微生物群的信号。这些观察结果强调了研究神经发育作为更广泛框架的一部分的重要性，该框架在全身环境中考虑神经系统与小胶质细胞的相互作用。