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Distribution of hydrophilic and lipophilic antibacterial drugs in skim milk, cream, and casein
Journal of Dairy Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-11 , DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14766
Z. Ozdemir , B. Tras , K. Uney

This study determined the distribution of drugs to different milk fractions according to their physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic drugs tend to concentrate in skim milk, whereas lipophilic drugs tend to concentrate in cream. The concentration of a drug in casein is related to its degree of binding to milk proteins. Thus, we aimed to determine whether withdrawal time in whole milk differs from that in cream, casein, and skim milk. Amoxicillin and tylosin were selected as prototype hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, respectively. The study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine whether in vitro conditions reflect the distribution of drugs in the different milk fractions in vivo. The in vivo study was conducted using a crossover design on 6 healthy Holstein dairy cattle. First, amoxicillin (i.m., single dose, 14 mg/kg) was administered to cows. Following a 1-wk washout period, tylosin (i.m., single dose, 15 mg/kg) was administered. Concentrations of amoxicillin and tylosin in milk and milk fractions were measured using HPLC-UV. In the in vitro study, 0.04 to 400 μg/g of amoxicillin and 0.05 to 50 μg/g of tylosin were spiked to drug-free milk and the concentrations in milk and milk fractions were measured. In addition, the percentage of total protein in milk and milk fractions was determined. Amoxicillin accumulated more in skim milk than in cream and casein, both in vitro (92%) and in vivo (73%, skim milk-to-whole milk ratio). The distribution of tylosin in whole and skim milk was similar to that of amoxicillin in the in vitro study, in contrast to the accumulation of tylosin in cream seen in vivo. However, the accumulation ratio of tylosin in cream was lower than expected. By either method, tylosin was less concentrated in casein than in skim milk and cream. The percentage of total protein was similar in skim milk and whole milk and higher than in cream. Thus, amoxicillin accumulates less in cream and casein, suggesting that these fractions would pose a lower risk to the consumer. Tylosin was still present at the maximum residue limit (50 μg/kg) 24 h after injection in the casein fraction and 48 h after injection in the cream fraction.



中文翻译:

脱脂牛奶,奶油和酪蛋白中亲水性和亲脂性抗菌药物的分布

这项研究根据其理化性质确定了药物在不同乳汁成分中的分布。亲水性药物倾向于浓缩在脱脂乳中,而亲脂性药物倾向于浓缩在乳脂中。酪蛋白中药物的浓度与其与乳蛋白的结合程度有关。因此,我们的目的是确定全脂奶的退出时间是否与奶油,酪蛋白和脱脂奶的退出时间不同。阿莫西林泰乐菌素和泰乐菌素分别被选作亲水性和亲脂性药物的原型。该研究是在体外和体内进行的,以确定体外条件是否能反映药物在体内不同乳汁成分中的分布。使用交叉设计对6头健康的荷斯坦奶牛进行了体内研究。首先,将阿莫西林(im,单剂量,14 mg / kg)施用于母牛。1周洗脱期后,给予泰乐菌素(im,单剂量,15 mg / kg)。使用HPLC-UV测量牛奶和牛奶级分中阿莫西林和泰乐菌素的浓度。在体外研究中,将0.04至400μg/ g的阿莫西林和0.05至50μg/ g的泰乐菌素加标到无药牛奶中,并测量牛奶和牛奶馏分中的浓度。此外,确定牛奶中总蛋白质的百分比和牛奶馏分中的百分比。无论是在体外(92%)还是在体内(73%,脱脂奶与全脂奶之比),阿莫西林在脱脂奶中的累积量都比霜剂和酪蛋白高。在体外研究中,泰乐菌素在全脂奶和脱脂奶中的分布与阿莫西林相似,与体内发现的泰乐菌素在乳脂中的积累相反。但是,泰乐菌素在乳膏中的积累率低于预期。通过这两种方法,酪蛋白中酪蛋白的浓缩程度均低于脱脂牛奶和奶油中的含量。脱脂牛奶和全脂牛奶中总蛋白质的百分比相似,但高于奶油。因此,阿莫西林在乳膏和酪蛋白中的积聚较少,表明这些馏分对消费者的风险较低。泰乐菌素仍然存在于 无论是在体外(92%)还是在体内(73%,脱脂奶与全脂奶之比),阿莫西林在脱脂奶中的累积量都比霜剂和酪蛋白高。在体外研究中,泰乐菌素在全脂奶和脱脂奶中的分布与阿莫西林相似,与体内发现的泰乐菌素在乳脂中的积累相反。但是,泰乐菌素在乳膏中的积累率低于预期。通过这两种方法,酪蛋白中酪蛋白的浓缩程度均低于脱脂牛奶和奶油中的含量。脱脂牛奶和全脂牛奶中总蛋白质的百分比相似,但高于奶油。因此,阿莫西林在乳膏和酪蛋白中的积聚较少,表明这些馏分对消费者的风险较低。泰乐菌素仍然存在于 无论是在体外(92%)还是在体内(73%,脱脂奶与全脂奶之比),阿莫西林在脱脂奶中的累积量都比霜剂和酪蛋白高。在体外研究中,泰乐菌素在全脂奶和脱脂奶中的分布与阿莫西林相似,与体内发现的泰乐菌素在乳脂中的积累相反。但是,泰乐菌素在乳膏中的积累率低于预期。通过这两种方法,酪蛋白中酪蛋白的浓缩程度均低于脱脂牛奶和奶油中的含量。脱脂牛奶和全脂牛奶中总蛋白质的百分比相似,但高于奶油。因此,阿莫西林在乳膏和酪蛋白中的积聚较少,表明这些馏分对消费者的风险较低。泰乐菌素仍然存在于 在体外研究中,泰乐菌素在全脂奶和脱脂奶中的分布与阿莫西林相似,与体内发现的泰乐菌素在乳脂中的积累相反。但是,泰乐菌素在乳膏中的积累率低于预期。通过这两种方法,酪蛋白中酪蛋白的浓缩程度均低于脱脂牛奶和奶油中的含量。脱脂牛奶和全脂牛奶中总蛋白质的百分比相似,但高于奶油。因此,阿莫西林在乳膏和酪蛋白中的积聚较少,表明这些馏分对消费者的风险较低。泰乐菌素仍然存在于 在体外研究中,泰乐菌素在全脂奶和脱脂奶中的分布与阿莫西林相似,与体内发现的泰乐菌素在乳脂中的积累相反。但是,泰乐菌素在乳膏中的积累率低于预期。通过这两种方法,酪蛋白中酪蛋白的浓缩程度均低于脱脂牛奶和奶油中的含量。脱脂牛奶和全脂牛奶中总蛋白质的百分比相似,但高于奶油。因此,阿莫西林在乳膏和酪蛋白中的积聚较少,表明这些馏分对消费者的风险较低。泰乐菌素仍然存在于 与酪蛋白和脱脂牛奶和奶油相比,酪蛋白中的泰乐菌素浓度更低。脱脂牛奶和全脂牛奶中总蛋白质的百分比相似,但高于奶油。因此,阿莫西林在乳膏和酪蛋白中的积聚较少,表明这些馏分对消费者的风险较低。泰乐菌素仍然存在于 与酪蛋白和脱脂牛奶和奶油相比,酪蛋白中的泰乐菌素浓度更低。脱脂牛奶和全脂牛奶中总蛋白质的百分比相似,但高于奶油。因此,阿莫西林在乳膏和酪蛋白中的积聚较少,表明这些馏分对消费者的风险较低。泰乐菌素仍然存在于酪蛋白级分注射后24小时和乳脂级分注射后48小时的最大残留限量(50μg/ kg)。

更新日期:2018-10-11
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