The Li metal anode is an ideal candidate for next-generation batteries due to its ultra-high specific capacity (3860 mAh g⁻¹) and low electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). However, the large volume fluctuations, side reactions, and dendrite growth are serious problems that need to be solved before Li metal batteries (LMBs) can be commercialized. Herein, we develop a lithiophilic 3D Cu nanowire (3D CuNW) host that can enable molten Li infusion into the structure. Interestingly, the 3D host undergoes a structural transformation upon contact with molten Li and forms Cu-Li alloy crystallites on the surface, leading to the development of an ultra-high performance Li metal anode (3D [email protected]). The symmetrical cell performance of the 3D [email protected] electrode is found to be among the best reported for carbonate-based electrolytes and can achieve greater than 200 cycles at an ultra-high current density of 10 mA cm⁻². Furthermore, full cells coupled with LiFePO₄ cathodes show excellent cycling stability at a C-rate of 2 C for over 400 cycles with negligible capacity fade. This work provides a scalable and highly effective approach towards the fabrication of high performance 3D hosts with pre-stored Li metal for next-generation battery systems.

由于其超高的比容量（3860 mAh g ^{− 1）}，锂金属阳极是下一代电池的理想选择）和较低的电化学势（相对于标准氢电极为-3.040 V）。但是，大的体积波动，副反应和枝状晶体生长是严重的问题，在锂金属电池（LMB）可以商业化之前，需要解决这些问题。本文中，我们开发了一种亲硫的3D Cu纳米线（3D CuNW）主体，可以使熔融的Li注入到结构中。有趣的是，3D主体在与熔融的Li接触时会发生结构转变，并在表面上形成Cu-Li合金微晶，从而导致了超高性能Li金属阳极的发展（3D [电子邮件保护]）。发现3D [受电子邮件保护]电极的对称电池性能是碳酸盐基电解质的最佳记录之一，在10 mA cm的超高电流密度下可实现200次以上的循环^{− 2}。此外，与LiFePO ₄阴极耦合的全电池在2 C速率下以超过400个循环显示出出色的循环稳定性，而容量衰减却可以忽略不计。这项工作为使用下一代锂电池系统预存储锂金属的高性能3D主机的制造提供了一种可扩展且高效的方法。