Intracellular protein patterns govern many fundamental processes in all living cells. Recently, researchers have started to actively perturb the mechanisms forming these patterns in real time. With exciting new developments in guiding intracellular flows, in optogenetics and in chemical biology, it is becoming feasible to change self-organized protein pattern formation. This review provides a survey of the approaches that have so far been used to control fundamental processes such as polarization, development of multicellular organisms and bacterial cell division, with a focus on membrane-assisted processes. Already in the limited set of published results on this topic to date, there is big diversity in the designs. The different established starting points for switching reaction-diffusion systems are therefore described and further complemented by future perspectives.

细胞内蛋白质模式控制着所有活细胞的许多基本过程。最近，研究人员已开始积极主动地实时扰动形成这些模式的机制。随着指导细胞内流动，光遗传学和化学生物学方面令人兴奋的新发展，改变自组织蛋白质模式的形成变得可行。这篇综述提供了对迄今为止用于控制基本过程（如极化，多细胞生物体的发育和细菌细胞分裂）的方法的调查，重点是膜辅助过程。迄今为止，关于该主题的已发表成果数量有限，设计中存在着很大的差异。