Abstract The Faiyum Basin of northern Egypt occupies a key location on the source-to-sink pathway of the Nile. High-resolution grain size, organic carbon and carbonates, as well as geochemical and magnetic analyses, were conducted on a sediment core retrieved from the basin to infer changes in sediment provenance in association with climate-induced variations in Nile River discharge during the Holocene. A high Si/Al ratio in the coarse sediment with weak magnetic properties prior to ca. 9.7 cal ka BP indicated prevalent aeolian activities in the lake basin, revealing no Nile discharge inputs and thus a dry Nile. Initial high values of the mobile elements (CaO, MgO and Sr) after ca. 9.7 cal ka BP with well-sorted finer sediment marked the establishment of a flow connection between the basin and the Nile since then. This establishment was followed by a durative hydrological connection to the Nile until ca. 5.0 cal ka BP inferred from high organic matter and stable magnetic and geochemical properties of the finer sediment, implying a humid climate phase of the Nile between ca. 9.7–5.0 cal ka BP. Afterwards, an increasing Ti/Al ratio and magnetism of the sediment indicated a brief change in sediment provenance, as material from the volcanic Ethiopian Uplands carried by the Blue Nile and the Atbara became dominant. A drying climate prevailed in the Nile Basin after ca. 5.0 cal ka BP. Although the Ti/Al ratio and sediment magnetic properties still showed a prominent sediment contribution from the volcanic Ethiopian Uplands, the natural discharge from the river Nile to the Faiyum Basin was weakened, especially when increasing water extraction by humans occurred after ca. 4.0 cal ka BP. The sediment provenance pattern of the Faiyum Basin was substantially influenced by climate-induced variations of the Nile discharge in response to the advance/retreat of the African Summer Monsoon (ASM) driven by the northward/southward migration of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).

中文翻译：

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全新世气候引起的尼罗河流量变化：来自埃及北部法尤姆盆地沉积物来源的证据

摘要 埃及北部法尤姆盆地位于尼罗河源汇通道上的关键位置。高分辨率粒度、有机碳和碳酸盐，以及地球化学和磁性分析，是在从盆地取回的沉积岩芯上进行的，以推断与全新世尼罗河流量的气候引起的变化相关的沉积物来源的变化。在大约之前具有弱磁性的粗沉积物中的高Si/Al比率。9.7 cal ka BP 表明湖盆中普遍存在风成活动，显示没有尼罗河排放输入，因此尼罗河干涸。大约之后移动元素（CaO、MgO 和 Sr）的初始高值。9.7 cal ka BP 具有分选良好的细粒沉积物，标志着该盆地与尼罗河之间建立了流动连接。这个建立之后是与尼罗河的持续水文连接，直到大约。5.0 cal ka BP 从高有机质和较细沉积物的稳定磁性和地球化学性质推断出来，这意味着尼罗河在约 9.7–5.0 cal ka BP。此后，随着青尼罗河和阿特巴拉河携带的埃塞俄比亚火山高地的物质成为主导，沉积物的 Ti/Al 比和磁性的增加表明沉积物来源发生了短暂的变化。大约在 20 世纪之后，尼罗河流域盛行干燥气候。5.0 cal ka BP。尽管 Ti/Al 比和沉积物磁性仍显示出埃塞俄比亚火山高地的显着沉积物贡献，但尼罗河向 Faiyum 盆地的自然排放减弱，尤其是在大约发生在人类的水提取量增加之后。4.0 cal ka BP。Faiyum盆地的沉积物来源模式在很大程度上受到尼罗河流量变化的影响，以响应热带辐合带向北/向南迁移驱动的非洲夏季风（ASM）的前进/后退（国际贸易委员会）。