Abstract Justice for nature remains a confused term. In recent decades justice has predominantly been limited to humanity, with a strong focus on social justice, and its spin-off – environmental justice for people. We first examine the formal rationale for ecocentrism and ecological ethics, as this underpins attitudes towards justice for nature, and show how justice for nature has been affected by concerns about dualisms and by strong anthropocentric bias. We next consider the traditional meaning of social justice, alongside the recent move by some scholars to push justice for nature into social justice, effectively weakening any move to place ecojustice centre-stage. This, we argue, is both unethical and doomed to failure as a strategy to protect life on Earth. The dominant meaning of ‘environmental justice’ – in essence, justice for humans in regard to environmental issues – is also explored. We next discuss what ecological justice (ecojustice) is, and how academia has ignored it for many decades. The charge of ecojustice being ‘antihuman’ is refuted. We argue that distributive justice can also apply to nature, including an ethic of bio-proportionality, and also consider how to reconcile social justice and ecojustice, arguing that ecojustice must now be foregrounded to ensure effective conservation. After suggesting a ‘Framework for implementing ecojustice’ for conservation practitioners, we conclude by urging academia to foreground ecojustice.

中文翻译：

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在保护中突出生态正义

摘要 自然正义仍然是一个令人困惑的术语。近几十年来，正义主要限于人类，重点关注社会正义及其衍生的人类环境正义。我们首先检查生态中心主义和生态伦理的正式理由，因为这支撑了对自然正义的态度，并展示了对二元论的担忧和强烈的人类中心主义偏见如何影响了自然正义。我们接下来考虑社会正义的传统含义，以及一些学者最近将自然正义推入社会正义的举措，有效地削弱了将生态正义置于中心舞台的任何举措。我们认为，作为保护地球生命的策略，这种做法既不道德，又注定要失败。“环境正义”的主要含义——本质上，在环境问题上为人类伸张正义——也被探索。我们接下来讨论生态正义（ecojustice）是什么，以及几十年来学术界如何忽视它。生态正义是“反人类”的指控被驳斥。我们认为分配正义也可以适用于自然，包括生物比例伦理，并考虑如何协调社会正义和生态正义，认为现在必须将生态正义放在首位以确保有效的保护。在为保护从业者提出“实施生态正义的框架”之后，我们最后敦促学术界将生态正义放在首位。我们认为分配正义也可以适用于自然，包括生物比例伦理，并考虑如何协调社会正义和生态正义，认为现在必须将生态正义放在首位以确保有效的保护。在为保护从业者提出“实施生态正义的框架”之后，我们最后敦促学术界将生态正义放在首位。我们认为分配正义也可以适用于自然，包括生物比例伦理，并考虑如何协调社会正义和生态正义，认为现在必须将生态正义放在首位以确保有效的保护。在为保护从业者提出“实施生态正义的框架”之后，我们最后敦促学术界将生态正义放在首位。