Abstract The development of synthesis methods to produce efficient anodes for wastewater treatment systems is an important industrial issue. Here, we describe the synthesis and the physical and electrochemical characterization of Ti/(RuO2)0.8–(Sb2O4)0.2 anodes prepared by thermal decomposition. The electrodes were prepared using three calcination temperatures (500, 550 and 600 °C) and using 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate (2HEAA) and methyl-imidazolium hydrogensulfate ((HMIM)HSO4) ionic liquids (IL) as solvents for the precursors solutions. Both ionic liquids used were characterized in terms of water content and viscosity. The 2HEAA IL is almost 10 times more viscous than the (HMIM)HSO4 IL. The anodes developed were electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry, morphology factor, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and accelerated service lifetime tests. The electrodes synthesized using the 2HEAA IL have superior electrocatalytic properties and electrochemical stability than those made using the (HMIM)HSO4 IL. In addition, the anodes made using the 2HEAA IL as solvent have more homogenous surfaces and higher crystallinity degree than those made using the (HMIM)HSO4 IL. Among the studied calcination temperatures, combining 550 °C and the 2HEAA IL results in more compact and rough electrode surfaces with the highest electroactive areas and electrochemical stability. Thus, the temperature of 550 °C is suitable for the synthesis of mixed metal oxide (MMO) anodes. The electrodes synthesized using the 2HEAA IL are more efficient in the electrochemical oxidation of the Reactive Yellow 186 dye than those made using the (HMIM)HSO4 IL. Consequently, the viscosity of the IL used has great influence on the performance of the synthesized anodes. In addition, the high viscosity of the 2HEAA IL results in a lower number of calcinations steps to produce the anodes and, hence, lower production cost. Viscous ionic liquids are therefore promising for the production of MMO anodes via thermal decomposition methods.

中文翻译：

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合成过程中使用的煅烧温度和离子液体对 Ti/(RuO2)0.8–(Sb2O4)0.2 阳极物理和电化学性能的影响

摘要 开发用于废水处理系统的高效阳极的合成方法是一个重要的工业问题。在这里，我们描述了通过热分解制备的 Ti/(RuO2)0.8-(Sb2O4)0.2 阳极的合成以及物理和电化学表征。使用三种煅烧温度（500、550 和 600 °C）并使用 2-羟乙基乙酸铵 (2HEAA) 和甲基咪唑鎓硫酸氢盐 ((HMIM)HSO4) 离子液体 (IL) 作为前体溶液的溶剂制备电极。所使用的两种离子液体均在水含量和粘度方面进行表征。2HEAA IL 的粘度几乎是 (HMIM)HSO4 IL 的 10 倍。开发的阳极通过循环伏安法、形态因子、电化学阻抗谱和加速使用寿命测试。使用 2HEAA IL 合成的电极比使用 (HMIM)HSO4 IL 合成的电极具有更好的电催化性能和电化学稳定性。此外，与使用 (HMIM)HSO4 IL 制成的阳极相比，使用 2HEAA IL 作为溶剂制成的阳极具有更均匀的表面和更高的结晶度。在研究的煅烧温度中，结合 550 °C 和 2HEAA IL 可产生更紧凑和粗糙的电极表面，具有最高的电活性面积和电化学稳定性。因此，550 °C 的温度适合合成混合金属氧化物 (MMO) 阳极。与使用 (HMIM)HSO4 IL 制成的电极相比，使用 2HEAA IL 合成的电极在反应性黄 186 染料的电化学氧化方面更有效。因此，所用离子液体的粘度对合成阳极的性能有很大影响。此外，2HEAA IL 的高粘度导致生产阳极的煅烧步骤数量较少，因此生产成本较低。因此，粘性离子液体有望通过热分解方法生产 MMO 阳极。