Solar Thermionic‐Thermoelectric Generator (ST2G): Concept, Materials Engineering, and Prototype Demonstration,Advanced Energy Materials

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Solar Thermionic‐Thermoelectric Generator (ST2G): Concept, Materials Engineering, and Prototype Demonstration
Advanced Energy Materials ( IF 24.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-08 , DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201802310
Daniele Maria Trucchi ₁ , Alessandro Bellucci ₁ , Marco Girolami ₁ , Paolo Calvani ₁ , Emilia Cappelli ₁ , Stefano Orlando ₂ , Riccardo Polini _{1,

3} , Laura Silvestroni ₄ , Diletta Sciti ₄ , Abraham Kribus ₅

Affiliation

The thermionic‐thermoelectric solid‐state technology, characterized by solar‐to‐electric conversion efficiency feasibly >40%, is comprehensively proposed and discussed for conversion of concentrating solar power. For the first time, the related solar generator prototype is designed and fabricated by developing advanced materials functionalized for the specific application, such as thermally resistant hafnium carbide‐based radiation absorbers, surface‐textured at the nanoscale to obtain a solar absorptance >90%, and chemical vapor deposition diamond films, acting as low‐work‐function (2.06 eV) thermionic emitters. Commercial thermoelectric generators and encapsulation vacuum components complete the prototype. The conversion efficiency is here evaluated under outdoor concentrated sunlight, demonstrating thermionic stage output power of 130 mW at 756 °C, combined to the maximum thermoelectric output power of 290 mW. The related solar‐to‐electric conversion efficiency is found to be 0.4%, but, once the net thermal flux fed to the conversion stages is considered, a thermal‐to‐electric efficiency of 6% is revealed. Factors affecting the performance of the present prototype are analyzed and discussed, as well as a strategy to rapidly overcome limitations, in order to prepare an efficient and highly competitive solid‐state conversion alternative for future concentrating solar plants.

中文翻译：

太阳能热离子热电发生器（ST2G）：概念，材料工程和原型演示

提出并讨论了以聚光太阳能的转换为特征的热电热电固态技术，其特征是太阳能转换效率可达到> 40％。相关的太阳能发电机原型首次通过开发针对特定应用功能化的先进材料进行设计和制造，例如耐热碳化ha基辐射吸收剂，在纳米尺度上进行表面纹理处理，以获得大于90％的太阳能吸收率，化学气相沉积金刚石薄膜，用作低功函数（2.06 eV）的热电子发射体。商用热电发电机和封装真空组件完善了原型。这里是在室外强日光下评估转化效率的，展示了在756°C时130 mW的热电子级输出功率，加之290 mW的最大热电输出功率。发现相关的太阳能到电的转换效率为0.4％，但是，一旦考虑到送入转换阶段的净热通量，热电效率为6％。分析和讨论了影响当前原型性能的因素，以及快速克服局限性的策略，以便为未来的聚光太阳能发电厂准备高效且极富竞争力的固态转换替代方案。显示的热电效率为6％。分析和讨论了影响当前原型性能的因素，以及快速克服局限性的策略，以便为未来的聚光太阳能发电厂准备高效且极富竞争力的固态转换替代方案。显示的热电效率为6％。分析和讨论了影响当前原型性能的因素，以及快速克服局限性的策略，以便为未来的聚光太阳能发电厂准备高效且极富竞争力的固态转换替代方案。

更新日期：2018-10-08

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