BACKGROUND Mucosal melanomas are rare and aggressive neoplasms, with little published population-based data on predictors of survival. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the influences of race/ethnicity, sex, tumor stage, tumor thickness, and anatomic site on mucosal melanoma survival estimates. METHODS We analyzed 132,751 cases of melanoma, including 1824 mucosal melanomas, diagnosed between 1994 and 2015 and reported to the California Cancer Registry. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the prognostic variables. RESULTS The 5-year relative survival for mucosal melanomas (27.64% [95% confidence interval {CI} 25.42-29.91) was significantly lower than for cutaneous melanomas (76.28% [95% CI 76.03-76.53]). Stage independently influenced survival, and thickness did not predict survival for neoplasms of known depth. Less common anatomic sites conferred worse prognoses (hazard ratio 1.93 [95% CI 1.41-2.64]). LIMITATIONS The lack of a standardized staging system may have resulted in misclassification of stage for some neoplasms. The influence of genetics is unknown because our database did not contain genetic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Stage and anatomic site, but not thickness (ie, Breslow depth), race, or ethnicity, determine the prognosis of mucosal melanomas. Considering the poor prognosis for all stages of mucosal melanoma, dermatologists should incorporate examination of the oropharynx and genitalia in the full body skin examination.

中文翻译：

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基于人群的粘膜黑色素瘤生存的预测因子。


背景粘膜黑色素瘤是一种罕见的侵袭性肿瘤，很少有发表的基于人群的生存预测数据。目的 我们试图评估种族/民族、性别、肿瘤分期、肿瘤厚度和解剖部位对粘膜黑色素瘤生存估计的影响。方法 我们分析了 1994 年至 2015 年间诊断并向加州癌症登记处报告的 132,751 例黑色素瘤病例，其中包括 1824 例粘膜黑色素瘤。 Kaplan-Meier 生存分析和 Cox 比例风险回归评估了预后变量。结果 粘膜黑色素瘤的 5 年相对生存率（27.64% [95% CI 25.42-29.91]）显着低于皮肤黑色素瘤（76.28% [95% CI 76.03-76.53]）。分期独立影响存活率，厚度不能预测已知深度肿瘤的存活率。不太常见的解剖部位预后较差（风险比 1.93 [95% CI 1.41-2.64]）。局限性 缺乏标准化分期系统可能导致某些肿瘤的分期错误分类。遗传学的影响尚不清楚，因为我们的数据库不包含遗传特征。结论 决定粘膜黑色素瘤预后的是分期和解剖部位，而不是厚度（即 Breslow 深度）、人种或民族。考虑到粘膜黑色素瘤各阶段的预后较差，皮肤科医生应将口咽和生殖器的检查纳入全身皮肤检查中。