We investigate numerical models that display the transition of global climate modeling from coarse grids, at which convection and gravity waves are still parameterized, toward finer resolutions, where both are treated explicitly. Gravity waves generated by deep, tropical convection are examined by means of spectral analysis. We make use of the models' different setups to discuss the impacts of spatial resolution, the treatment of moist convection and the degree of model complexity, on convectively generated gravity waves. We find that substantially more gravity wave momentum flux is resolved by models with fine horizontal grid spacing, as the spectral slope is almost flat in zonal wave number space (∼k⁻¹), until scales at which numerical diffusion sets in. However, we also find that, when well‐organized tropical storm systems of large scale are simulated with convection‐permitting resolution, the gravity wave variance may be enhanced at small scales and the spectral slope may flatten. We propose an explanation for this in the dynamical overshooting of convective updrafts that is expected to mechanically generate gravity waves. Further, we find that a parameterization of convection drastically reduces gravity wave momentum flux associated with tropical convection, as deep modes of latent heating and gravity waves are underestimated. Thus, its application is expected to have consequences for wave mean‐flow interaction in the middle atmosphere. The universal properties of the gravity wave spectrum that were found in observations and confirmed in analytical gravity wave models are successfully reproduced in our numerical simulations of tropical dynamics.

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对流产生的重力波在热带动力学高分辨率模型中的应用

我们研究了显示全球气候模型从粗糙网格（对流和重力波仍被参数化）向更精细的分辨率（其中都经过明确处理）的过渡的数值模型。通过光谱分析检查了热带深对流产生的重力波。我们利用模型的不同设置来讨论空间分辨率，湿对流处理和模型复杂程度对对流产生的重力波的影响。我们发现，由于在纬向波数空间中的频谱斜率几乎是平坦的（〜k ^-1），直到出现数值扩散的尺度。但是，我们还发现，当以对流允许的分辨率模拟结构良好的大型热带风暴系统时，重力波方差可能会在小尺度和频谱斜率上得到增强可能会变平。我们在对流上升气流的动态超调中提出了对此的解释，预计该对流上升气流将以机械方式产生重力波。此外，我们发现，对流的参数化极大地降低了与热带对流相关的重力波动量通量，因为潜在加热和重力波的深层模式被低估了。因此，预计它的应用将对中层大气中的波均流相互作用产生影响。