Abstract Achieving high yields of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from carbohydrates remains a challenge today. With the aim of developing an efficient and inexpensive catalyst for the production of HMF, manganese phosphate (MnPO4) was used as the sole catalyst for the catalytic conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into HMF in the H2O/tetrahydrofuran (THF) biphasic reaction system. The effects of various factors, including reaction temperature, reaction time, system, and catalyst dosage on the conversion of carbohydrates to HMF were explored. An impressing HMF yield of 59% was achieved with glucose as a feedstock at 160 °C for 90 min. Meanwhile, up to 44% of HMF was also obtained with microcrystalline cellulose as a feedstock at 170 °C for 120 min. In addition, MnPO4 catalyst also displayed outstanding catalytic activities for the conversion of other biomass-derived carbohydrates including monosaccharides and disaccharides. Combined with the dissolution characteristics of the MnPO4, a possible catalytic mechanism for the conversion of carbohydrates into HMF catalyzed by MnPO4 was proposed. The catalytic approach proposed in this paper exhibited a promising potential for HMF production via optimizing the catalytic process.

中文翻译：

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使用高效廉价的磷酸锰催化剂将生物质衍生的碳水化合物直接转化为 5-羟甲基糠醛

摘要 目前，从碳水化合物中获得高产率的 5-羟甲基糠醛 (HMF) 仍然是一个挑战。为了开发一种高效且廉价的 HMF 生产催化剂，磷酸锰 (MnPO4) 被用作唯一催化剂，用于在 H2O/四氢呋喃 (THF) 双相反应体系中将生物质衍生的碳水化合物催化转化为 HMF。探讨了各种因素，包括反应温度、反应时间、体系和催化剂用量对碳水化合物转化为 HMF 的影响。以葡萄糖为原料，在 160 °C 下保持 90 分钟，HMF 产率高达 59%。同时，以微晶纤维素为原料，在 170°C 加热 120 分钟，也获得了高达 44% 的 HMF。此外，MnPO4 催化剂还对其他生物质衍生的碳水化合物（包括单糖和二糖）的转化表现出出色的催化活性。结合MnPO4的溶解特性，提出了MnPO4催化碳水化合物转化为HMF的可能催化机理。本文提出的催化方法通过优化催化过程显示出生产 HMF 的潜力。