The constant increase in seafood consumption worldwide has led to a parallel growth of the incidence of products obtained by aquaculture on the market, but also of the fraudulent commercialization of farmed products as wild-type ones. A careful characterization of the lipid component of seafood products based on chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques has been reported as a promising approach to reliably differentiate farmed from wild-type products. In this context, a fast method based on Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) based on a single stage Orbitrap mass analyzer, integrated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), was developed in the present study and applied to scout for spectral features useful to discriminate wild-type from farmed salmons of Salmo salar species. In particular, normalized intensities obtained for the 30 most intense signals (all referred to fatty acids, FA) detected in negative ion DART-HRMS spectra of the lipid extracts of salmon fillets [26 wild-type from Canada, 74 farmed from Canada (25), Norway (25) and Chile (24)] were considered as the variables for PCA. The scatterplot referred to the first two principal components showed a clear distinction between wild-type salmons and farmed ones, which gathered as a unique cluster, despite the remarkable differences in their geographical origin. In accordance with previous studies based on more complex and time-demanding analytical approaches, three saturated (14:0, 16:0 and 18:0) FA, along with unsaturated ones having 20 or 22 carbon atoms, were found as the main discriminating variables for wild-type salmons, whereas FA with compositions 18:1, 18:2, 18:3 and several oxidized forms arising from them were found to have a significantly higher incidence in farmed salmons. The method was further validated by Discriminant Analysis (DA) performed on the same dataset used for PCA integrated by data obtained from 6 commercial samples, putatively referred to farmed Norwegian salmons. Results showed that 100% of the latter were correctly classified as farmed salmons. Relative abundances of DART-HRMS signals related to specific FA appear then very promising for the differentiation of wild-type salmons from farmed ones, a very relevant issue in the context of consumers' protection from seafood frauds.

全世界海鲜消费量的持续增长导致市场上水产养殖获得的产品的发生率同时增长，而且导致养殖产品作为野生型产品的欺诈性商业化。据报道，基于色谱-质谱技术对海产品的脂质成分进行仔细表征是一种可靠地将养殖产品与野生型产品区分开的有前途的方法。在此背景下，本研究开发了一种基于实时直接分析（DART）结合基于单级Orbitrap质量分析仪的高分辨率质谱（HRMS）的快速方法，该方法由主成分分析（PCA）集成并用于侦查其光谱特征，以区分野生类型与Salmo salar的养殖鲑鱼物种。特别是，在鲑鱼片脂质提取物的负离子DART-HRMS光谱中检测到的30种最强信号（均指脂肪酸，FA）获得的归一化强度[加拿大26种野生型，加拿大74种养殖的（25 ），挪威（25）和智利（24）]作为PCA的变量。该散点图提到的前两个主要成分显示了野生鲑鱼和养殖鲑鱼之间的明显区别，尽管它们的地理来源存在显着差异，但它们作为一个独特的集群聚集在一起。根据以前基于更复杂和更苛刻的分析方法的研究，发现三个饱和的（14：0、16：0和18：0）FA以及具有20或22个碳原子的不饱和FA是主要的判别依据野生鲑鱼的变数，而组成为18：1、18：2、18：3并由它们产生的几种氧化形式的FA在养殖鲑鱼中的发生率要高得多。通过对判别分析（DA）进行的判别分析（DA）进一步验证了该方法，该判别分析是用于PCA的同一数据集，并通过从6个商业样本中获得的数据进行了整合，推定是指养殖的挪威鲑鱼。结果表明，后者的100％被正确地归类为养殖鲑鱼。因此，与特定FA相关的DART-HRMS信号的相对丰度对于将野生鲑鱼与养殖鲑鱼区分开来是非常有前途的，这在保护消费者免受海鲜欺诈的侵害中是一个非常相关的问题。