Because of the globalization of world food markets there is a growing need for valid and language independent self-assessment tools to measure food-related emotions. We recently introduced the EmojiGrid as a language-independent, graphical affective self-report tool. The EmojiGrid is a Cartesian grid that is labeled with facial icons (emoji) expressing different degrees of valence and arousal. Users can report their subjective ratings of valence and arousal by marking the location on the area of the grid that corresponds to the emoji that best represent their affective state when perceiving a given food or beverage. In a previous study we found that the EmojiGrid is robust, self-explaining and intuitive: valence and arousal ratings were independent of framing and verbal instructions. This suggests that the EmojiGrid may be a valuable tool for cross-cultural studies. To test this hypothesis, we performed an online experiment in which respondents from Germany (GE), Japan (JP), the Netherlands (NL) and the United Kingdom (UK) rated valence and arousal for 60 different food images (covering a large part of the affective space) using the EmojiGrid. The results show that the nomothetic relation between valence and arousal has the well-known U-shape for all groups. The European groups (GE, NL and UK) closely agree in their overall rating behavior. Compared to the European groups, the Japanese group systematically gave lower mean arousal ratings to low valenced images and lower mean valence ratings to high valenced images. These results agree with known cultural response characteristics. We conclude that the EmojiGrid is potentially a valid and language-independent affective self-report tool for cross-cultural research on food-related emotions. It reliably reproduces the familiar nomothetic U-shaped relation between valence and arousal across cultures, with shape variations reflecting established cultural characteristics.

中文翻译：

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EmojiGrid：用于消极和积极价食品的跨文化情感评估的2D图形比例尺。

由于世界粮食市场的全球化，人们越来越需要有效的和独立于语言的自我评估工具来衡量与食物相关的情绪。我们最近推出了EmojiGrid，它是一种独立于语言的图形化情感自我报告工具。EmojiGrid是一个笛卡尔网格，上面用面部图标（表情符号）标记，表示不同程度的价和唤醒度。用户可以通过在网格区域上标记与表情符号相对应的位置来报告其对价和唤醒的主观评分，该位置最能代表他们在感知给定食物或饮料时的情感状态。在先前的研究中，我们发现EmojiGrid是健壮的，自我解释的和直观的：价位和唤醒等级与成帧和口头指示无关。这表明EmojiGrid可能是跨文化研究的宝贵工具。为了验证这一假设，我们进行了一项在线实验，来自德国（GE），日本（JP），荷兰（NL）和英国（UK）的受访者对60种不同的食物图片的价和唤醒度进行了评估（覆盖了很大一部分使用EmojiGrid。结果表明，价与唤醒之间的代数关系在所有群体中均具有众所周知的U形。欧洲集团（GE，NL和UK）在整体评级行为上非常一致。与欧洲组相比，日本组系统地将低价图像的平均唤醒评级降低了，将高价图像的平均唤醒评级降低了。这些结果符合已知的文化反应特征。我们得出结论，EmojiGrid可能是一种有效的，与语言无关的情感自我报告工具，可用于对与食物相关的情绪进行跨文化研究。它可靠地再现了跨文化的价与唤起之间熟悉的名词U型关系，其形状变化反映了既定的文化特征。