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Potential Risk and Mechanism of Microcystin Induction by Chiral Metalaxyl
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-03 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00507 Cui Wang 1 , Zhen Yang 1 , Lihua Tang 1 , Ximing Wang 2, 3 , Quan Zhang 2, 3
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-03 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00507 Cui Wang 1 , Zhen Yang 1 , Lihua Tang 1 , Ximing Wang 2, 3 , Quan Zhang 2, 3
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Pesticide-induced oxidative stress has been widely observed in aquatic algae. The production of microcystin caused by Microcystis aeruginosa intensified under the oxidative stress induced by solar radiation during an algal bloom. However, whether oxidative stress caused by the pollutants also contributed to toxic microcystin generation and the potential mechanism remain unknown, especially for chiral environmental contaminants. Metalaxyl, a high-volume chiral fungicide, was selected as the model to compare the risks to M. aeruginosa. Our results revealed a significant induction of algal growth or photosynthetic pigments at 30–50 mg/L R-metalaxyl (fungicidally active enantiomer) compared with 300–400 mg/L rac-metalaxyl at 48 h. At the nontoxic time point, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction was 10 mg/L in R-metalaxyl, which was 30 times lower than the corresponding value for the rac form. The LOECs of extra- and intra-microcystin induction of R-metalaxyl were 3.3 and 30.0 times higher than that of rac-metalaxyl, respectively. R-Metalaxyl enantioselectively induced M. aeruginosa genes encoding components of microcystin synthesis and secretion. The potency estimation revealed that only the level of ROS and genes encoding microcystin synthesis were positively correlated with the upregulation of intra-microcystin. Furthermore, we confirmed that attenuation of ROS by N-acetylcysteine mostly alleviated intra-microcystin induction. This demonstrates that the enantiomer that can cause oxidative stress may pose risks to the aquatic system, especially during an algal bloom.
中文翻译：
手性甲霜灵诱导微囊藻毒素的潜在风险及机理
农药诱导的氧化应激已在水藻中广泛观察到。在藻华期间，由铜绿微囊藻引起的微囊藻毒素的产生在太阳辐射引起的氧化应激下增强。然而，由污染物引起的氧化应激是否也促进了毒性微囊藻毒素的产生，其潜在机理仍是未知的，尤其是对于手性环境污染物而言。选择甲霜灵（一种大量的手性杀菌剂）作为比较铜绿假单胞菌风险的模型。我们的研究结果表明，与300–400 mg / L rac相比，在30–50 mg / L R-甲霜灵（具有杀真菌活性的对映体）时，藻类生长或光合色素显着诱导。-甲霜灵在48小时。在无毒时间点，R-甲霜灵中活性氧（ROS）诱导的最低观测效应浓度（LOEC）为10 mg / L，比rac形式的相应值低30倍。的外和内微囊感应LOECs ř -metalaxyl均比较高3.3和30.0倍外消旋-metalaxyl，分别。R-甲霜灵对映选择性诱导铜绿假单胞菌基因编码微囊藻毒素合成和分泌的成分。效价估计表明，只有ROS水平和编码微囊藻毒素合成的基因与微囊藻毒素的上调呈正相关。此外，我们证实，N-乙酰半胱氨酸对ROS的衰减主要缓解了微囊藻毒素的诱导。这表明可能引起氧化应激的对映异构体可能对水生系统构成风险，特别是在藻华期间。
更新日期：2018-10-04
中文翻译：
手性甲霜灵诱导微囊藻毒素的潜在风险及机理
农药诱导的氧化应激已在水藻中广泛观察到。在藻华期间，由铜绿微囊藻引起的微囊藻毒素的产生在太阳辐射引起的氧化应激下增强。然而，由污染物引起的氧化应激是否也促进了毒性微囊藻毒素的产生，其潜在机理仍是未知的，尤其是对于手性环境污染物而言。选择甲霜灵（一种大量的手性杀菌剂）作为比较铜绿假单胞菌风险的模型。我们的研究结果表明，与300–400 mg / L rac相比，在30–50 mg / L R-甲霜灵（具有杀真菌活性的对映体）时，藻类生长或光合色素显着诱导。-甲霜灵在48小时。在无毒时间点，R-甲霜灵中活性氧（ROS）诱导的最低观测效应浓度（LOEC）为10 mg / L，比rac形式的相应值低30倍。的外和内微囊感应LOECs ř -metalaxyl均比较高3.3和30.0倍外消旋-metalaxyl，分别。R-甲霜灵对映选择性诱导铜绿假单胞菌基因编码微囊藻毒素合成和分泌的成分。效价估计表明，只有ROS水平和编码微囊藻毒素合成的基因与微囊藻毒素的上调呈正相关。此外，我们证实，N-乙酰半胱氨酸对ROS的衰减主要缓解了微囊藻毒素的诱导。这表明可能引起氧化应激的对映异构体可能对水生系统构成风险，特别是在藻华期间。
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