To understand the fundamental aspects of SnO₂ catalytic materials and develop applicable catalysts for VOCs combustion, SnO₂ samples possessing stable and varied surface areas are controllably constructed and applied to toluene deep oxidation. By improving SnO₂ surface area, the Sn⁴⁺ cation exposure is improved, thus increasing its surface acidity, which benefits toluene molecule adsorption and activation. Furthermore, more surface defects can be generated, hence inducing the generation of more abundant surface active oxygen sites, which is favorable for further oxidizing the adsorbed and activated toluene intermediates. Therefore, the intrinsic activity of SnO₂ is eventually promoted. The coexistence of both kinds of active sites is crucial for the reaction, and the concerted interaction between them controls the reaction performance. Catalysts with good activity, superior stability, and potent water vapor tolerance can be achieved by controllably constructing SnO₂ possessing large and stable surface areas, and supporting less amount of Pd onto it.

中文翻译：

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调整SnO ₂表面积用于催化甲苯的深度氧化：确定反应性的内在因素

为了了解SnO ₂催化材料的基本方面并开发适用于VOC燃烧的催化剂，可控制地构建具有稳定且变化的表面积的SnO ₂样品，并将其应用于甲苯的深度氧化。通过改善SnO ₂表面积，可以改善Sn ⁴⁺阳离子的暴露程度，从而增加其表面酸度，这有利于甲苯分子的吸附和活化。此外，可以产生更多的表面缺陷，从而诱导产生更多的表面活性氧位，这对于进一步氧化吸附和活化的甲苯中间体是有利的。因此，SnO ₂的固有活性最终被提升。两种活性位点的共存对于反应至关重要，并且它们之间的协调相互作用控制了反应性能。通过可控地构建具有大而稳定的表面积，并在其上负载较少量Pd的SnO _2，可以获得具有良好活性，优异稳定性和强水蒸气耐受性的催化剂。