Bacterial infections cause acute and chronic diseases. Antimicrobial resistance and aging-related immune weakness remain challenging in therapy of infectious diseases. Vaccines are however an alternative to prevent bacterial infections. Here we report a facile method to rapidly generate bacterium-membrane-formed nanovesicles as a vaccine using nitrogen cavitation. The vaccine is comprised of double-layered membrane vesicles (DMVs) characterized by cryo-TEM, biochemistry and proteomics, showing DMVs possess the integrity of bacterial membrane and contain a wide range of membrane proteins required for vaccination. In the mouse sepsis model induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we found that DMVs can improve mouse survival after mice were immunized with DMVs. The increased adaptive immunity and unique biodistribution of DMVs were responsible for enhanced protection of bacterial infection. Our studies demonstrate that this simple and innovative approach using nitrogen cavitation would be a promising technology for vaccine developments.

细菌感染会导致急性和慢性疾病。在感染性疾病的治疗中，抗菌素耐药性和与衰老相关的免疫弱点仍然是挑战。但是，疫苗是预防细菌感染的替代方法。在这里，我们报告了一种简便的方法，可以使用氮空化快速生成细菌膜形成的纳米囊泡作为疫苗。该疫苗由以低温TEM，生物化学和蛋白质组学为特征的双层膜囊泡（DMV）组成，表明DMV具有细菌膜的完​​整性，并包含疫苗接种所需的多种膜蛋白。在铜绿假单胞菌诱导的小鼠败血症模型中，我们发现DMV可以在用DMV免疫小鼠后提高小鼠存活率。DMV的增加的适应性免疫和独特的生物分布负责增强对细菌感染的保护。我们的研究表明，这种使用氮空化的简单创新方法将是疫苗开发的有前途的技术。