In this review, we discussed the micro-level aspects of protein supported biosorption. The mechanism, surface chemistry in terms of energy interactions and electron transfer process (ETP) of peptide systems within protein are three important areas that provide mechanistic insight into protein supported biosorption. The functional groups in proteinous material like hydroxyl (—OH), carbonyl (>C=O), carboxyl (—COOH) and sulfhydryl (—SH) play a significant role in the biosorption of variety of pollutants such as metal ions, metalloids, and organic matters in wastewaters. The mechanistic aspects of biosorption are crucial not only for the separation process but also they contribute towards stoichiometric considerations and mathematical modelling process. The surface chemistry of applied biosorbents relies on interfacial components whose interaction energies are estimated with help of classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory mathematically. Proteins are the fundamental molecules of many biomaterial used for the biosorption of contaminents and peptide bond is considered as the backbone of proteins. The charge variations on peptide bonding is the result of ETP whose discussion was made part of this review for understaning number of biological and technological processes of vital interests. In addition, this review was complemented by exhaustive overview of kinetic and thermodynamics perspectives of biosorption process.

在这篇综述中，我们讨论了蛋白质支持的生物吸附的微观层面。蛋白质内肽系统的机理，表面化学，能量相互作用和电子转移过程（ETP）是三个重要领域，可为深入了解蛋白质支持的生物吸附提供机制。蛋白质材料中的官能团（例如羟基（-OH），羰基（> C = O），羧基（-COOH）和巯基（-SH））在多种污染物（如金属离子，准金属，和废水中的有机物。生物吸附的机械方面不仅对于分离过程至关重要，而且对化学计量方面的考虑和数学建模过程也至关重要。所应用生物吸附剂的表面化学依赖于界面组分，其相互作用能通过经典的Derjaguin，Landau，Verwey和Overbeek（DLVO）理论在数学上进行估算。蛋白质是用于污染物吸附的许多生物材料的基本分子，而肽键被认为是蛋白质的骨干。肽键合上的电荷变化是ETP的结果，ETP的讨论成为了此评论的一部分，因为它涉及许多至关重要的生物学和技术过程。此外，本综述还对生物吸附过程的动力学和热力学观点进行了详尽的概述。蛋白质是用于污染物吸附的许多生物材料的基本分子，而肽键被认为是蛋白质的骨干。肽键合上的电荷变化是ETP的结果，ETP的讨论成为了此评论的一部分，因为它涉及许多至关重要的生物学和技术过程。此外，本综述还对生物吸附过程的动力学和热力学观点进行了详尽的概述。蛋白质是用于污染物吸附的许多生物材料的基本分子，而肽键被认为是蛋白质的骨干。肽键合上的电荷变化是ETP的结果，ETP的讨论成为了此评论的一部分，因为它涉及许多至关重要的生物学和技术过程。此外，本综述还对生物吸附过程的动力学和热力学观点进行了详尽的概述。