A fullerene derivative, 9-(1-(6-(3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy)-1-hexyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-nonyl [60]fullerenoacetate (C9), is employed to anchor the surface of a SnO₂ electron transport layer (ETL) in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). C9 suppresses charge recombination due to efficient passivation of oxygen-vacancy-related defects on the surface of the SnO₂ ETL through the formation of a Lewis adduct between the under-coordinated Sn in SnO₂ and hydroxyl terminal groups in C9. The C9 modifying layer enhances the extraction of photogenerated charge carriers due to the negligible injection barrier and strong electron affinity. C9 can also improve the quality of the perovskite film with enlarged grain size, reduced grain boundary and improved crystallinity. The PSCs based on C9-modified SnO₂ exhibit improved photovoltaic performance with efficiency up to 21.3% with negligible hysteresis, which is superior to the control devices based on bare SnO₂ (20.0%). Moreover, the ambient, photo and electric-field stability of the modified devices is also enhanced.

中文翻译：

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用于高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池的 富勒烯衍生物锚定的SnO ₂ †

富勒烯衍生物9-（1-（6-（3,5-双（羟甲基）苯氧基）-1-己基）-1 H -1,2,3-三唑-4-基）-1-壬基[60富勒烯乙酸盐（C9）用于将SnO ₂电子传输层（ETL）的表面固定在平面异质结钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）中。通过在SnO _2中配位不足的Sn之间形成路易斯加合物，C9抑制了由于有效钝化SnO ₂ ETL表面上与氧空位相关的缺陷而引起的电荷重组。和C9中的羟基端基。由于可忽略的注入势垒和强大的电子亲和力，C9改性层增强了光生载流子的提取。C9还可以通过增大晶粒尺寸，减小晶界和改善结晶度来改善钙钛矿薄膜的质量。基于C9改性SnO ₂的PSC表现出改进的光伏性能，其效率高达21.3％，而滞后作用却可以忽略不计，这优于基于裸SnO ₂的控制装置（20.0％）。此外，改进的器件的环境，光和电场稳定性也得到增强。