Neuroimmunology is a research field that intersects neuroscience and immunology, with the larger aim of gaining significant insights into the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Conventional studies in this field have so far mainly dealt with immune responses in the nervous system (i.e. neuroinflammation) or systemic immune regulation by the release of glucocorticoids. On the other hand, recently accumulating evidence has indicated bidirectional interactions between specific neural activations and local immune responses. Here we discuss one such local neuroimmune interaction, the gateway reflex. The gateway reflex represents a mechanism that translates specific neural stimulations into local inflammatory outcomes by changing the state of specific blood vessels to allow immune cells to extravasate, thus forming the gateway. Several types of gateway reflex have been identified, and each regulates distinct blood vessels to create gateways for immune cells that induce local inflammation. The gateway reflex represents a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation and is potentially applicable to other inflammatory diseases in peripheral organs.

中文翻译：

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通道反射：调节血管的局部神经免疫相互作用。

神经免疫学是与神经科学和免疫学交叉的研究领域，其更大的目标是对诸如多发性硬化症之类的慢性炎症疾病的病理生理学有重要的了解。迄今为止，该领域的常规研究主要涉及神经系统中的免疫反应（即神经炎症）或通过糖皮质激素的释放进行的全身性免疫调节。另一方面，最近积累的证据表明特定神经激活与局部免疫反应之间存在双向相互作用。在这里，我们讨论一种这样的局部神经免疫相互作用，即网关反射。门反射反映了一种机制，该机制通过改变特定血管的状态以使免疫细胞外渗，从而将特定的神经刺激转化为局部炎症结果。从而形成网关。已经鉴定出几种类型的网关反射，并且每种都调节不同的血管以为诱导局部炎症的免疫细胞创建网关。网关反射代表了一种新的神经炎症治疗策略，并且可能适用于周围器官的其他炎症性疾病。