This study explains how small operational differences support excellent granulation in aerobic granular reactors. Short settling time promoted granulation in AGS reactor. Gene expressions based on mRNA revealed much higher ammonium monooxygenase (amoA) in conventional reactor biomass than in the aerobic granular reactor (AGS) biomass during a complete cycle operation. The number of glycogen accumulating organisms in conventional was much higher than in the granular reactor. The denitrifying functional genes in the granular systems were upregulated in anaerobic and aerobic phases. The granular reactor removed 1.84 kg COD-m⁻³day⁻¹, 0.09 kg NH₄⁺-N-m⁻³day⁻¹, and 0.063 kg PO₄^3—P-m⁻³day⁻¹. The conventional reactor removed 1.14 Kg-m⁻³day⁻¹ COD, 0.05 kg-m⁻³day⁻¹ NH₄⁺-N, and 0.028 kg-m⁻³day⁻¹ PO₄³⁻-P. The granular reactor showed faster kinetics for nutrient and organics removal compared to the conventional reactor. Flocs in the conventional reactor had a lower abundance of Candidatus accumulibacter sp. and higher relative abundance of Candidatus competibacter.

这项研究解释了微小的操作差异如何在好氧颗粒反应器中支持出色的造粒。较短的沉降时间促进了AGS反应器中的造粒。在完整的循环操作过程中，基于mRNA的基因表达显示出常规反应堆生物质中的单氧铵酶（amoA）比有氧颗粒反应器（AGS）生物质中的高。常规中，糖原累积生物的数量比粒状反应器中的高得多。颗粒系统中的反硝化功能基因在厌氧和好氧阶段被上调。粒状反应器中除去1.84公斤COD-^米-3天^-1，0.09公斤NH ₄ ⁺ -NM ^-3天^-1，并且0.063公斤PO₄ ^3- Pm ^-3天^-1。常规反应器去除了1.14Kg-m ^-3天^-1 COD，0.05 kg-m ^-3天^-1 NH ₄ ⁺ -N和0.028 kg-m ^-3天^-1 PO ₄ ^3-- P。与常规反应器相比，粒状反应器显示出更快的动力学，用于去除营养物和有机物。在常规反应器的絮状物具有较低的丰度的暂定accumulibacter藻。和较高的相对丰度暂定competibacter。