Existing therapeutic strategies for managing Parkinson disease (PD), which focus on addressing the loss of dopamine and dopaminergic function linked with degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, are limited by side effects and lack of long-term efficacy. In recent decades, research into PD pathophysiology and pharmacology has focused on understanding and tackling the neurodegenerative processes and symptomology of PD. In this Review, we discuss the challenges associated with the development of novel therapies for PD, highlighting emerging agents that aim to target cell death, as well as new targets offering a symptomatic approach to managing features and progression of the disease.

现有的治疗帕金森氏病（PD）的治疗策略侧重于解决与多巴胺能神经元变性有关的多巴胺丧失和多巴胺能功能，但受副作用和缺乏长期疗效的限制。近几十年来，对PD病理生理学和药理学的研究集中于理解和解决PD的神经退行性过程和症状。在本综述中，我们讨论了与开发PD新疗法相关的挑战，重点介绍了旨在靶向细胞死亡的新兴药物，以及为治疗疾病特征和进展提供对症治疗方法的新靶标。