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Wastewater chemical contaminants: remediation by advanced oxidation processes
Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-26 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00249e M. Bartolomeu 1, 2, 3, 4 , M. G. P. M. S. Neves 2, 3, 4, 5 , M. A. F. Faustino 2, 3, 4, 5 , A. Almeida 1, 2, 3, 4
Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-26 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00249e M. Bartolomeu 1, 2, 3, 4 , M. G. P. M. S. Neves 2, 3, 4, 5 , M. A. F. Faustino 2, 3, 4, 5 , A. Almeida 1, 2, 3, 4
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Approximately 70% of the terrestrial area is covered with water, but only a small water fraction is compatible with terrestrial life forms. Due to the increment in human consumption, the need for water resources is increasing, and it is estimated that more than 40% of the population worldwide will face water stress/scarcity within the next few decades. Water recycling and reuse may offer the opportunity to expand water resources. For that, the wastewater treatment paradigm should be changed and adequately treated wastewater should be seen as a valuable resource instead of a waste product. It is easily understandable that the exact composition and constituent concentration of wastewater vary according to its different sources (industrial, agricultural, urban usage of water). Consequently, a variety of known and emerging pollutants like heavy metals, antibiotics, pesticides, phthalates, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds and endocrine disruptors have been found in natural water reservoirs, due to the limited effectiveness of conventional wastewater treatment. The conventional approach consists of a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes, aiming at the removal of large sediments such as heavier solids, scum and grease and of organic content in order to avoid the growth of microorganisms and eutrophication of the receiving water bodies. However, this approach is not sufficient to reduce the chemical pollutants and much less the emerging chemical pollutants. In this review, after some considerations concerning chemical pollutants and the problematic efficiency of their removal by conventional methods, an update is presented on the successes and challenges of novel approaches for wastewater remediation based on advanced oxidation processes. An insight into wastewater remediation involving the photodynamic approach mediated by tetrapyrrolic derivatives will be underlined.
中文翻译：
废水化学污染物：通过先进的氧化工艺进行补救
大约70％的陆地面积被水覆盖，但是只有一小部分水与陆地生命形式相容。由于人类消费的增加，对水资源的需求也在增加，据估计，在未来几十年内，全世界40％以上的人口将面临缺水/缺水的问题。水的循环利用和再利用可能提供扩展水资源的机会。为此，应该改变废水处理的范式，将经过适当处理的废水视为有价值的资源，而不是废物。不难理解，废水的确切成分和组成浓度会根据废水的不同来源（工业，农业，城市用水）而变化。因此，各种已知的和新兴的污染物，例如重金属，由于常规废水处理的效果有限，因此在天然水库中发现了抗生素，农药，邻苯二甲酸盐，聚芳烃，卤代化合物和内分泌干扰物。传统方法包括物理，化学和生物过程的组合，旨在去除较大的沉积物（例如较重的固体，浮渣和油脂）和有机物，以避免微生物的生长和接收水体的富营养化。但是，这种方法不足以减少化学污染物，更不用说减少新出现的化学污染物了。在这篇评论中，在考虑了化学污染物及其通过常规方法去除污染物的效率问题后，本文介绍了基于先进氧化工艺的新型废水修复方法的成功与挑战。将强调对涉及由四吡咯衍生物介导的光动力学方法的废水修复的见解。
更新日期：2018-09-26
中文翻译：
废水化学污染物：通过先进的氧化工艺进行补救
大约70％的陆地面积被水覆盖，但是只有一小部分水与陆地生命形式相容。由于人类消费的增加，对水资源的需求也在增加，据估计，在未来几十年内，全世界40％以上的人口将面临缺水/缺水的问题。水的循环利用和再利用可能提供扩展水资源的机会。为此，应该改变废水处理的范式，将经过适当处理的废水视为有价值的资源，而不是废物。不难理解，废水的确切成分和组成浓度会根据废水的不同来源（工业，农业，城市用水）而变化。因此，各种已知的和新兴的污染物，例如重金属，由于常规废水处理的效果有限，因此在天然水库中发现了抗生素，农药，邻苯二甲酸盐，聚芳烃，卤代化合物和内分泌干扰物。传统方法包括物理，化学和生物过程的组合，旨在去除较大的沉积物（例如较重的固体，浮渣和油脂）和有机物，以避免微生物的生长和接收水体的富营养化。但是，这种方法不足以减少化学污染物，更不用说减少新出现的化学污染物了。在这篇评论中，在考虑了化学污染物及其通过常规方法去除污染物的效率问题后，本文介绍了基于先进氧化工艺的新型废水修复方法的成功与挑战。将强调对涉及由四吡咯衍生物介导的光动力学方法的废水修复的见解。
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