The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.Analyses of the relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits across the tundra and over time show that community height increased with warming across all sites, whereas other traits lagged behind predicted rates of change.

中文翻译：

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变暖苔原生物群落的植物功能性状变化

苔原变暖的速度比地球上任何其他生物群落都快，而且由于植被和气候之间的全球反馈效应，潜在的影响是深远的。更好地了解环境因素如何塑造植物结构和功能对于预测环境变化对生态系统功能的影响至关重要。在这里，我们探索了温度、湿度和 7 个关键植物功能特征之间的生物群落关系，无论是跨空间还是在 117 个苔原位置的 30 多年的变暖过程中。空间温度-性状关系通常很强，但土壤湿度对这些关系的强度和方向有显着影响，突出了水资源可用性变化对苔原植物群落未来性状转变的潜在重要影响。在过去的 30 年里，随着所有地点的变暖，群落高度都增加了，但其他特征远远落后于预测的变化速度。我们的研究结果强调了使用时空替代来预测未来变暖的功能后果的挑战，并表明与植物高度密切相关的功能将经历最快速的变化。他们还揭示了环境因素在地球上最寒冷的极端环境下塑造生物群落的强度，并将有助于改善对气候变暖导致的苔原生态系统功能变化的预测。 温度、水分和七个关键植物功能特征之间的关系分析苔原和随着时间的推移表明社区高度随着所有地点的变暖而增加，