Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an important tool for structure characterization of zeolite materials. Structural information can be obtained by different TEM techniques, for example electron diffraction (ED), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron tomography (ET), each with its own advantages and limitations. These techniques are briefly introduced. Examples are given to show how these techniques can be used to solve various structure-related problems in zeolites. With this review we will describe the basic principles of transmission electron microscopy techniques for structural characterization, including recent methodological advancements. Advantages as well as challenges of using TEM for structural characterization will be described in relation to other methods. Examples of structural characterization of zeolites will be given for each of the methods.

中文翻译：

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透射电子显微镜是表征沸石结构的重要工具

透射电子显微镜（TEM）是用于表征沸石材料的重要工具。可以通过不同的TEM技术获得结构信息，例如电子衍射（ED），高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM），扫描透射电子显微镜（STEM）和电子断层扫描（ET），每种技术都有其自身的优点和局限性。简要介绍了这些技术。给出了一些例子来说明如何将这些技术用于解决沸石中各种与结构有关的问题。通过这篇综述，我们将描述用于结构表征的透射电子显微镜技术的基本原理，包括最近的方法学进展。将结合其他方法描述使用TEM进行结构表征的优点和挑战。对于每种方法，将给出沸石的结构表征的实例。