The progress made by the scientific community in emerging photovoltaic technologies over the past two decades has been outstanding. Numerous methods have been developed for the preparation of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells. The power conversion efficiency has been up to 14% by a one-step vacuum deposition technique. A serious concern is the toxicity of the materials. In this review, several methods aimed at resolving these problems to some extent have been compiled, including eco-friendly synthesis. Further efficiency enhancements are expected following optimization, and a better fundamental understanding of the internal electron charge transfer, electron–hole diffusion to the corresponding layers, flexibility, and stability-dependent bandgaps is reported. This paper explores the green synthesis of organic–inorganic perovskites for industrialization. Concerning the above facts, a simple low-cost model called “dispersed photovoltaic cells” is presented.

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在过去的二十年中，科学界在新兴的光伏技术方面取得了令人瞩目的进步。已经开发出许多方法来制备有机-无机钙钛矿混合太阳能电池。通过一步真空沉积技术，功率转换效率已高达14％。严重的问题是材料的毒性。在这篇综述中，已经汇编了几种在某种程度上解决这些问题的方法，包括环保合成。优化后有望进一步提高效率，并且据报道，人们对内部电子电荷转移，电子-空穴向相应层的扩散，柔性以及与稳定性相关的带隙有了更好的基本了解。本文探讨了有机-无机钙钛矿的绿色合成方法，以实现工业化。考虑到上述事实，提出了一种简单的低成本模型，称为“分散光伏电池”。

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