DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Opium, a Historical Perspective,ACS Chemical Neuroscience

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DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Opium, a Historical Perspective
ACS Chemical Neuroscience ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-24 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00459
Christopher C. Presley ₁ , Craig W. Lindsley ₁

Affiliation

Opium is the latex from the opium poppy Papaver somniferum L., which humankind has utilized since ancient Mesopotamia all the way to modern times. Opium used to be surrounded in divine mystery or magic-like abilities and was given to cure a wide variety of diseases until its analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties were understood, the resulting alkaloids were isolated, and their structure and properties unmasked. Opium went from being sold in any store front in the form of pills or tinctures with no prescription necessary for purchase or smoked in an opium den down the street, to then bringing about consumer advocacy and the right to know what is in a medication. Legislation was created to limit the prescribing and selling of medications to doctors and pharmacists as well as outlawing opium dens and smoking opium. This review focuses primarily on the uses of opium throughout history, the isolation of the principle alkaloids, and their structure elucidation.

中文翻译：

化学神经科学的黑暗经典：鸦片，历史的视角

鸦片是罂粟罂粟的乳胶L.，从古代美索不达米亚一直到现代一直被人类利用。鸦片曾被神圣的奥秘或类魔术般的能力所包围，并被用来治愈各种疾病，直到人们了解其止痛，镇咳和止泻特性，分离出所得生物碱，并掩盖其结构和特性为止。鸦片从药店或tin剂的形式在任何店面出售，无需购买处方或在街上的鸦片烟熏中吸食，然后引起了消费者的拥护和了解药物成分的权利。立法的制定是为了限制向医生和药剂师开处方和销售药物，以及禁止鸦片窝和吸烟鸦片。这篇评论主要关注整个历史上鸦片的使用，

更新日期：2018-09-24

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