Practical lithium metal batteries require full and reversible utilization of thin metallic Li anodes. This introduces a fundamental challenge concerning how to create solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs) that are able to regulate interfacial transport and protect the reactive metal, without adding appreciably to the cell mass. Here, we report on physicochemical characteristics of Langmuir–Blodgett artificial SEIs (LBASEIs) created using phosphate-functionalized reduced graphene oxides. We find that LBASEIs not only meet the challenges of stabilizing the Li anode, but can be facilely assembled in a simple, scalable process. The LBASEI derives its effectiveness primarily from its ability to form a durable coating on Li that regulates electromigration at the anode/electrolyte interface. In a first step towards practical cells in which the anode and cathode capacities are matched, we report that it is possible to achieve stable operations in both coin and pouch cells composed of a thin Li anode with the LBASEI and a high-loading intercalation cathode.

实用的锂金属电池需要完全且可逆地利用薄金属锂阳极。这就提出了一个基本挑战，即如何创建固态电解质界面（SEI），该界面能够调节界面传输并保护反应性金属，而不会明显增加电池质量。在这里，我们报告了使用磷酸盐功能化的还原石墨烯氧化物创建的Langmuir-Blodgett人造SEI（LBASEIs）的理化特性。我们发现，LBASEI不仅满足稳定锂阳极的挑战，而且可以通过简单，可扩展的过程轻松组装。LBASEI的有效性主要来自其在Li上形成持久涂层的能力，该涂层可调节阳极/电解质界面处的电迁移。