The trichothecenes, produced by Fusarium, contaminate animal feed and human food in all stages of production and lead to a large spectrum of adverse effects for animal and human health. An hallmark of trichothecenes toxicity is the onset of emesis followed by anorexia and food intake reduction in different animal species (mink, mice and pig). The modulation of emesis and anorexia can result from a direct action of trichothecenes in the brain or from an indirect action in the gastrointestinal tract. The direct action of trichothecenes involved specific brain areas such as nucleate tractus solitarius in the brainstem and the arcuate nuclei in the hypothalamus. Activation of these areas in the brain leads to the activation of specific neuronal populations containing anorexigenic factors (POMC and CART). The indirect action of trichothecenes in the gastrointestinal tract involved, by enteroendocrine cells, the secretion of several gut hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) but also glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), which transmitted signals to the brain via the gut-brain axis. This review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of trichothecenes, especially deoxynivalenol, on emesis and anorexia and discusses the mechanisms underlying trichothecenes-induced food reduction.

镰刀菌产生的单端孢菌在生产的所有阶段都会污染动物饲料和人类食物，并导致对动物和人类健康的各种不利影响。Trichothecenes毒性的一个特征是呕吐的发生，随后是不同动物物种（貂，小鼠和猪）的厌食症和食物摄入减少。呕吐和厌食的调节可能是由于脑中的毛滴虫的直接作用或胃肠道的间接作用引起的。毛霉菌素的直接作用涉及特定的大脑区域，例如脑干中的孤束核和下丘脑中的弓形核。大脑中这些区域的激活导致包含厌食症因子（POMC和CART）的特定神经元群体的激活。毛霉菌素在胃肠道中的间接作用，通过肠内分泌细胞分泌多种肠道激素，例如胆囊收缩素（CCK）和YY肽（PYY），以及胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP-1），胃抑制肽（GIP）和5-羟色胺（5-HT） ，它通过肠脑轴将信号传输到大脑。这篇综述总结了有关毛滴虫病，尤其是脱氧雪腐烯酚，对呕吐和厌食症的影响的当前知识，并讨论了毛滴虫病引起的食物减少的机理。