A safe, high‐capacity, and long‐life Li metal anode is highly desired due to recent developments in high‐energy‐density Li–metal batteries. However, there are still rigorous challenges associated with the undesirable formation of Li dendrites, lack of suitable host materials, and unstable chemical interfaces. Herein, a carbon nanofiber‐stabilized graphene aerogel film (G‐CNF film), inspired by constructional engineering, is constructed. As the host material for Li deposition, the G‐CNF film features a large surface area, porous structure, and a robust skeleton that can render low local current density. This allows for dendrite‐free Li deposition and mitigation of problems associated with large volume change. Importantly, the G‐CNF film can keep high Li plating/stripping efficiency at nearly 99% for over 700 h with an areal capacity of 10 mA h cm⁻² (the specific capacity up to 2588 mA h g⁻¹ based on the total mass of carbon host and Li metal). The symmetric cells can stably run for more than 1000 h with low voltage hysteresis. The full cell with the LiFePO₄ cathode also delivers enhanced capacity and lowered overpotential. As two‐in‐one host materials for both cathodes and anodes in Li–O₂ batteries, the battery exhibits a capacity of 1.2 mA h cm⁻².

中文翻译：

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工程碳纳米纤维稳定的石墨烯气凝胶薄膜主体可实现超高容量和长寿命的锂金属电池

由于高能量密度锂金属电池的最新发展，安全，高容量，长寿命的锂金属阳极是人们所迫切需要的。但是，仍然存在与锂枝晶的不良形成，缺乏合适的主体材料以及不稳定的化学界面有关的严峻挑战。在此，受建筑工程学启发，构建了碳纳米纤维稳定的石墨烯气凝胶膜（G-CNF膜）。作为Li沉积的主体材料，G-CNF膜具有较大的表面积，多孔结构和坚固的骨架，可以降低局部电流密度。这可以实现无枝晶的锂沉积，并减轻与大体积变化相关的问题。重要的是，G-CNF膜可以在700 h内保持近99％的高Li镀/剥离效率，面积容量为10 mA h cm^－2（基于碳主体和锂金属的总质量，比容量高达2588 mA hg ^-1）。对称电池可在低压磁滞作用下稳定运行1000小时以上。具有LiFePO ₄阴极的完整电池还可以提高容量并降低过电势。作为Li-O ₂电池正极和负极的二合一主体材料，该电池的容量为1.2 mA h cm ^-2。