With current advances in technology, a number of epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a broad range of adverse effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health. Multiple cellular mechanisms have been proposed as direct causes or contributors to these biological effects. EMF-induced alterations in cellular levels can activate voltage-gated calcium channels and lead to the formation of free radicals, protein misfolding and DNA damage. Because rapidly dividing germ cells go through meiosis and mitosis, they are more sensitive to EMF in contrast to other slower-growing cell types. In this review, possible mechanistic pathways of the effects of EMF exposure on fertilization, oogenesis and spermatogenesis are discussed. In addition, the present review also evaluates metabolomic effects of GSM-modulated EMFs on the male and female reproductive systems in recent human and animal studies. In this context, experimental and epidemiological studies which examine the impact of mobile phone radiation on the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis are examined in line with current approaches.

随着技术的最新发展，许多流行病学和实验研究已经报告了电磁场（EMF）对人体健康的广泛不利影响。已经提出了多种细胞机制作为这些生物学效应的直接原因或贡献者。EMF诱导的细胞水平改变可激活电压门控的钙通道，并导致自由基的形成，蛋白质错误折叠和DNA损伤。由于快速分裂的生殖细胞会经历减数分裂和有丝分裂，因此与其他生长较慢的细胞类型相比，它们对EMF更为敏感。在这篇综述中，讨论了EMF暴露对受精，卵子生成和精子生成影响的可能机理。此外，本综述还评估了最近的人类和动物研究中，GSM调节的电动势对男性和女性生殖系统的代谢组学影响。在这种情况下，根据当前的方法，对实验和流行病学研究进行了检查，这些研究检查了手机辐射对卵子发生和精子发生过程的影响。