Recent advances in the syntheses and properties of polynitrogen pentazolate anion cyclo-N5− and its derivatives,Chemical Society Reviews

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Recent advances in the syntheses and properties of polynitrogen pentazolate anion cyclo-N5− and its derivatives
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00372f
Pengcheng Wang _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Yuangang Xu _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Qiuhan Lin _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Ming Lu _{1,

2,

3,

4}

Affiliation

The pentazolate anion, or cyclo-N₅⁻, which is a five-membered ring composed solely of nitrogen atoms, has a unique structure among polynitrogen compounds. Cyclo-N₅⁻ is receiving ever-increasing levels of attention because of its potential ability to store large amounts of energy compared to the azide ion, its environmentally friendly decomposition products, and its carbon- and hydrogen-free composition, which are promising characteristics for advancing the field of high-energy-density materials (HEDMs), that include explosives, oxidisers, and propellants in closed environments. In this review, we provide a detailed introduction to cyclo-N₅⁻ and cover the following topics: (1) substituted pentazoles as precursors of cyclo-N₅⁻, with a focus on the syntheses and stabilities of substituted pentazole derivatives; (2) routes to cyclo-N₅⁻ through cleavage of C–N bonds in substituted pentazoles, during which competitive reactions between pentazole decomposition and C–N bond cleavage need to be considered to ensure a successful outcome; (3) complexes of cyclo-N₅⁻, summarising recent progress toward producing cyclo-N₅⁻-based complexes through the assembly of isolated cyclo-N₅⁻ with both metallic and nonmetallic components; and (4) interactions between cyclo-N₅⁻ and metal cations and non-metal species, as well as factors that influence the stability of these complexes; in particular, the thermal stabilities of prepared cyclo-N₅⁻ salts are discussed. This review summarises recent studies and is intended to improve the understanding of polynitrogen chemistry while supporting further research into its potential application as an efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly HEDM.

中文翻译：

在多氮pentazolate阴离子的合成和性质的研究进展环-N ₅^-和它的衍生物

的pentazolate阴离子，或环-N ₅^-，这仅仅是氮原子组成一个五元环，具有多氮化合物中的独特结构。环-N ₅^-被接受的，因为它存储大量的能量相比，叠氮化物离子，其环境友好的分解产物，其碳和无氢组成，这是有希望的特性潜在能力的关注日益增加的水平用于推进高能量密度材料（HEDM）领域，包括封闭环境中的炸药，氧化剂和推进剂。在这篇综述中，我们提供了对环-N ₅的详细介绍^-并覆盖以下主题：（1）取代的pentazoles作为前体的环-N ₅^-，重点上的取代五唑衍生物的合成和稳定性; （2）通过取代取代的戊唑中C–N键的断裂而生成环N ₅^−的途径，在此期间，应考虑戊唑分解与C–N键断裂之间的竞争性反应，以确保获得成功的结果；（3）的复合物环-N ₅^-，总结朝向产生的最新进展环-N ₅^-通过该组件的分离系络合物环-N ₅⁻具有金属和非金属成分；和（4）之间的相互作用环-N₅^-和金属阳离子和非金属物质，以及影响这些复合物的稳定性的因素; 特别是，制得的热稳定性环-N₅^-盐进行了讨论。这篇综述总结了最近的研究，旨在增进对多氮化学的理解，同时支持对其作为高效，安全和环保的HEDM的潜在应用的进一步研究。

更新日期：2018-09-20

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