Abstract Climate change is one of the strongest biodiversity threats. Worse still, the impact of multiple anthropic stressors on species dynamics could complicate adaptation to temperature increase. International conservation policies aim to protect ecosystems against anthropic pressures, but their ability to facilitate adaptation to climate change has yet to be assessed. Using wetland bird monitoring surveys, we evaluated the differences at the country scale of community adjustment to temperature increase of wintering waterbird communities (145 species) according to the implementation of the two main western Palearctic international conservation policies (Bern Convention and Birds Directive) in the Mediterranean basin (2786 sites, 22 countries) over a 22-year period. We showed that thermic community composition increases over time in countries which have enforced conservation policies. We found that strictly protected species under the Birds Directive and the Bern Convention contributed more to this community adjustment than the not strictly protected species. The mechanism results from a population increase in protected warm-dwelling species but not from a decline in cold-dwelling species. This study supports the ability of international conservation policies to mitigate the effect of climate change on animal communities.

中文翻译：

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水鸟社区根据保护政策和物种保护状况适应气候变暖

摘要 气候变化是最大的生物多样性威胁之一。更糟糕的是，多种人为压力因素对物种动态的影响可能会使对温度升高的适应复杂化。国际保护政策旨在保护生态系统免受人为压力，但其促进适应气候变化的能力尚待评估。通过湿地鸟类监测调查，我们评估了根据西古北区两项主要国际保护政策（伯尔尼公约和鸟类指令）的实施情况，越冬水鸟群落（145种）在国家尺度上对温度升高的社区调整差异。 22 年间的地中海盆地（2786 个地点，22 个国家）。我们表明，在实施保护政策的国家中，热群落组成会随着时间的推移而增加。我们发现受鸟类指令和伯尔尼公约严格保护的物种比不受严格保护的物种对这种社区调整的贡献更大。该机制是由于受保护的暖栖物种数量增加而不是冷栖物种减少所致。这项研究支持国际保护政策减轻气候变化对动物群落影响的能力。该机制是由于受保护的暖栖物种数量增加而不是冷栖物种减少所致。这项研究支持国际保护政策减轻气候变化对动物群落影响的能力。该机制是由于受保护的暖栖物种数量增加而不是冷栖物种减少所致。这项研究支持国际保护政策减轻气候变化对动物群落影响的能力。