Most lithium-ion batteries still rely on intercalation-type graphite materials for anodes, and the formation process for them typically takes several days or even more to provide a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The slow formation step results in lower LIB production rates, requires a large number of battery cyclers, and constitutes the second highest cost during battery manufacturing. In an effort to decrease the high manufacturing cost associated with long formation times, we studied five different formation protocols in nickel-rich LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ (NMC811)/graphite cells where the total formation time varied from 10 to 86 h. Electrochemical characterization and post mortem analysis show that very long formation time do not necessarily improve long-term performance while very short formation protocols result in lithium plating and poorer electrochemical performance. We find the optimum formation cycling protocol is intermediate in length to minimize impedance growth, improve capacity retention, and avoid lithium plating.

大多数锂离子电池仍依赖于嵌入型石墨材料作为阳极，并且它们的形成过程通常需要几天甚至更长的时间才能提供稳定的固体电解质相间（SEI）。缓慢的形成步骤导致较低的LIB生产率，需要大量的电池循环器，并且在电池制造期间构成第二高的成本。为了减少与较长的成型时间相关的高制造成本，我们研究了富镍LiNi _0.8 Mn _0.1 Co _0.1 O _2中的五种不同成型方案（NMC811）/石墨电池，其总形成时间从10到86小时不等。电化学表征和事后分析表明，很长的形成时间不一定会改善长期性能，而很短的形成规程会导致镀锂和较差的电化学性能。我们发现最佳的成形循环规程长度适中，以最大程度地减小阻抗增长，提高容量保持率并避免镀锂。