Due to the confinement of the charge, spin, and heat transport in the plane, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials have been demonstrated to own many unique and excellent properties and witnessed many breakthroughs in physics. They show great application potential in many fields, especially for electronics and optoelectronics. However, a bottleneck to widespread applications is precise and reliable fabrication, in which the control of the layer number and domain assembly is the most basic and important since they directly determine the qualities and properties of 2D materials. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy was regarded as the frontrunner to achieve this target, and the design of the catalytic substrate is of great significance since it has the most direct influence on the catalysis and mass transfer, which can be the most essential elemental steps.

中文翻译：

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通过化学气相沉积可控制地在液态金属上制造石墨烯和相关二维材料

由于电荷，自旋和热传输在平面内的局限性，石墨烯和相关的二维（2D）材料已被证明具有许多独特而卓越的性能，并在物理上见证了许多突破。它们在许多领域显示出巨大的应用潜力，尤其是在电子和光电方面。然而，广泛应用的瓶颈是精确和可靠的制造，其中层数和域组装的控制是最基本和重要的，因为它们直接确定2D材料的质量和特性。化学气相沉积（CVD）策略被视为实现此目标的先行者，并且催化底物的设计具有重要意义，因为它对催化和传质具有最直接的影响，