Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are thin-film transistors that have shown great promise in a range of applications including biosensing, logic circuits, and neuromorphic engineering. The device physics of OECTs are determined by the interaction between ionic and electronic charge carriers. This interaction sets OECTs apart from conventional transistor technologies and has necessitated the development of device models for the unique behavior of OECTs. In this Review, we discuss existing models for OECTs and provide a framework for understanding these models. Moreover, we show how the insight from these models inform device optimization. Finally, we discuss details of OECT operation that are not well-understood and that provide exciting opportunities for future research.

有机电化学晶体管（OECT）是薄膜晶体管，在包括生物传感，逻辑电路和神经形态工程的一系列应用中显示出了巨大的希望。OECT的器件物理性质由离子和电子载流子之间的相互作用决定。这种相互作用使OECT与传统的晶体管技术脱颖而出，并且有必要针对OECT的独特性能开发器件模型。在本评论中，我们讨论了OECT的现有模型，并提供了一个了解这些模型的框架。此外，我们展示了这些模型的洞察力如何帮助设备优化。最后，我们讨论了OECT操作的细节，这些细节尚未得到很好的理解，并为以后的研究提供了令人兴奋的机会。