BACKGROUND Local food environments include food stores (eg, supermarkets, grocery stores, bakeries) and restaurants. However, the extent to which other storefront businesses offer food/drink is not well described, nor is the extent to which food/drink availability through a full range of storefront businesses might change over time. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess food/drink availability from a full range of storefront businesses and the change over time and to consider implications for food-environment research. DESIGN Investigators compared direct observations from 2010 and 2015. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Included were all storefront businesses offering foods/drinks on 153 street segments in the Bronx, NY. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was change between 2010 and 2015 as determined by matches between businesses. Matches could be strict (businesses with the same name on the same street segment in both years) or lenient (similar businesses on the same street segment in both years). Investigators categorized businesses as general grocers, specialty food stores, restaurants, or other storefront businesses (eg, barber shops/beauty salons, clothing outlets, hardware stores, laundromats, and newsstands). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Investigators quantified change, specifically calculating how often businesses in 2015 were present in 2010 and vice versa. RESULTS Strict matches for businesses in 2015 present in 2010 ranged from 29% to 52%, depending on business category; lenient matches ranged from 43% to 72%. Strict matches for businesses in 2010 present in 2015 ranged from 34% to 63%; lenient matches ranged from 72% to 83%. In 2015 compared with 2010, on 22% more of the sampled street segments, 30% more businesses were offering food/drink: 66 vs 46 general grocers, 22 vs 19 specialty food stores, 99 vs 99 restaurants, 98 vs 56 other storefront businesses. CONCLUSIONS Over 5 years, an urban food environment changed substantially, even by lenient standards, particularly among "other storefront businesses" and in the direction of markedly greater food availability (more businesses offering food on more streets). Failure to consider a full range of food/drink sources and change in food/drink sources could result in erroneous food-environment conclusions.

中文翻译：

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城市食品环境的变化：店面食品/饮料的来源随着时间的推移而增加，不仅限于食品店和餐馆

背景技术当地食品环境包括食品店（例如，超市、杂货店、面包店）和餐馆。然而，其他店面企业提供食品/饮料的程度并没有得到很好的描述，所有店面企业的食品/饮料供应量也不会随着时间的推移而发生变化。目标 本研究旨在评估各种店面业务的食品/饮料供应情况及其随时间的变化，并考虑对食品环境研究的影响。设计调查人员比较了 2010 年和 2015 年的直接观察结果。参与者/环境 包括在纽约布朗克斯 153 个街道段提供食品/饮料的所有店面企业。主要结果指标 主要结果是 2010 年和 2015 年之间由企业之间的匹配决定的变化。匹配可以是严格的（两个年度在同一街道段上的同名企业）或宽松（两个年度在同一街道段上的相似企业）。调查人员将企业归类为杂货店、特色食品店、餐馆或其他店面企业（例如，理发店/美容院、服装店、五金店、自助洗衣店和报摊）。执行的统计分析 调查人员量化了变化，特别是计算 2015 年企业在 2010 年出现的频率，反之亦然。结果 2015 年企业的严格匹配率在 2010 年从 29% 到 52% 不等，具体取决于业务类别；宽松的匹配范围从 43% 到 72%。2010 年企业的严格匹配率在 2015 年从 34% 到 63% 不等；宽松的匹配范围从 72% 到 83%。2015 年与 2010 年相比，在多出 22% 的抽样街道段，提供食品/饮料的企业多出 30%：66 对 46 家杂货店、22 对 19 家特色食品店、99 对 99 家餐厅、98 对 56 家其他店面企业。结论 5 年多来，即使按照宽松的标准，城市食品环境也发生了重大变化，特别是在“其他店面企业”和显着增加食品供应（更多企业在更多街道上提供食品）的方向上。未能全面考虑食品/饮料来源以及食品/饮料来源的变化可能会导致错误的食品环境结论。即使按照宽松的标准，城市食品环境也发生了重大变化，特别是在"其他店面企业"和明显增加食品供应的方向（更多企业在更多街道上提供食品）。未能全面考虑食品/饮料来源以及食品/饮料来源的变化可能会导致错误的食品环境结论。即使按照宽松的标准，城市食品环境也发生了重大变化，特别是在"其他店面企业"和明显增加食品供应的方向（更多企业在更多街道上提供食品）。未能全面考虑食品/饮料来源以及食品/饮料来源的变化可能会导致错误的食品环境结论。