Allostasis, or stability through change, has most often been linked with challenges to homeostasis, in which repeated challenges or stressors produce sufficient allostatic load to generate an allostatic state that can ultimately lead to a disease state. The present review argues that the impact of stress on drug addiction fits with an allostatic model and represents a challenge to brain circuit regulatory mechanisms that underlie the emotional state of the animal. The central thesis is that stress leads to changes in corticotropin-releasing factor in the brain that impact addiction. Stress is further argued to impact all three stages of the addiction cycle-binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation-exposing the animal to an emotional allostatic load and allostatic state that forms the growing motivational pathology of addiction. Viewing addiction as an allostatic mechanism provides key insights into the ways in which dysregulated neurocircuitry that is involved in basic motivational systems can transition to pathophysiology.

中文翻译：

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成瘾和压力：一种同构的观点。

同种异体或通过变化获得的稳定性通常与对动态平衡的挑战相关联，在这种情况下，反复挑战或压力会产生足够的同种异体负荷，从而产生可能最终导致疾病状态的同种异体状态。本综述认为，压力对药物成瘾的影响符合同种异体模型，并代表了对构成动物情绪状态的脑回路调节机制的挑战。中心论点是，压力导致大脑中促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子的变化，从而影响成瘾。有人进一步认为，压力会影响成瘾周期的所有三个阶段-醉酒/中毒，戒断/负面影响，注意力集中和预期使动物处于情绪化的变态负荷和变态状态，形成成瘾的动机性病理学。将成瘾视为一种同素作用机制，可以提供对基本动机系统中涉及的神经回路失调可以转变为病理生理学的方式的重要见解。