Background: Transglutaminase (TGase) belongs to the transferases family that catalyzes the formation of isopeptide bonds between proteins. Its cross-linking properties are extensively used in food industry. Nowadays, TGase isolation from Streptomyces sp. is used in almost all industrial branches. The complexity of current procedure prompts scientists to develop an efficient and easy-to-use system for the “green” production of TGase.

Scope and approach: This article reviews the application of biotechnological routes in transglutaminase (TGase) production. The nature sources and industrial production of TGase were discussed in this review. Furthermore, the potential of biotechnological routes for TGase production was highlighted. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms is exemplified for biotechnological synthesis of TGase. The drawbacks as well as improvements of the production of TGase via biotechnological routes were also discussed.

Key findings and conclusions: Biotechnological routes provide the possible measures to heterologous expression of TGase. After decades of efforts, the expression of recombinant TGase has significant improvements. Further research and development towards cost-effective production may result in a more affordable product that could be exploited for a broad range of applications.

背景：转谷氨酰胺酶（TGase）属于转移酶家族，可催化​​蛋白质之间异肽键的形成。它的交联特性广泛用于食品工业。如今，从链霉菌属种中分离出TGase 。用于几乎所有工业分支。当前程序的复杂性促使科学家为TGase的“绿色”生产开发一种高效且易于使用的系统。

范围和方法：本文回顾了转谷氨酰胺酶（TGase）生产中生物技术途径的应用。在这篇综述中讨论了TGase的自然来源和工业生产。此外，突出了TGase生产的生物技术途径的潜力。为了TGase的生物技术合成，示例了微生物的代谢工程。还讨论了通过生物技术途径生产TGase的缺点和改进方法。

主要发现和结论：生物技术途径为TGase的异源表达提供了可能的措施。经过数十年的努力，重组TGase的表达有了显着改善。进一步研究和开发具有成本效益的产品可能会产生价格更实惠的产品，并可以用于广泛的应用中。