Abstract Wet frost exposure is a usual environmental condition for cement-based materials (CBM) during winter and the most common way of frost testing in the lab. In this study, the temperature gradient, pressure gradient, and the liquid flow under wet frost exposure are modeled for highly saturated CBM with different amount of entrained air. It is found that the water uptake happens at the melting stage, and for non-air-entrained CBM, the hydraulic pumping effect is dominant and will suck the water from wet surface. While for air-entrained CBM, the cryosuction pressure is the main driving force of the inward flow. The results are compared with experimental data from rapid freeze/thaw testing of various types of concrete in water, showing a satisfactory agreement. Sensitivity analysis also indicates that the hydraulic induced flow depends on the amount of entrained air, while the cryosuction induced flow mainly relies on the permeability and temperature gradient.

中文翻译：

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冻融过程中湿表面高饱和混凝土中的水传输建模

摘要 湿霜暴露是水泥基材料 (CBM) 冬季常见的环境条件，也是实验室中最常见的霜冻测试方式。在这项研究中，针对不同夹带空气量的高饱和煤层气，模拟了湿霜暴露下的温度梯度、压力梯度和液体流动。发现吸水发生在熔化阶段，对于不加气的煤层气，水力抽吸作用占主导地位，会从潮湿的表面吸水。而对于加气煤层气，低温抽吸压力是向内流动的主要驱动力。将结果与各种类型混凝土在水中的快速冻融试验的实验数据进行比较，显示出令人满意的一致性。