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Bypassing Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 1 (Gad1) Induced Craniofacial Defects with a Photoactivatable Translation Blocker Morpholino.
ACS Chemical Neuroscience ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-24 , DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00231
Matthew J O'Connor 1 , Lindsey L Beebe 2 , Davide Deodato 1 , Rebecca E Ball 3 , A Tyler Page 3 , Ariel J VanLeuven 3 , Kyle T Harris 4 , Sungdae Park 2 , Vani Hariharan 3 , James D Lauderdale 3, 5 , Timothy M Dore 1, 4
Affiliation  

γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) mediated signaling is critical in the central and enteric nervous systems, pancreas, lungs, and other tissues. It is associated with many neurological disorders and craniofacial development. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) synthesizes GABA from glutamate, and knockdown of the gad1 gene results in craniofacial defects that are lethal in zebrafish. To bypass this and enable observation of the neurological defects resulting from knocking down gad1 expression, a photoactivatable morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) against gad1 was prepared by cyclization with a photocleavable linker rendering the MO inactive. The cyclized MO was stable in the dark and toward degradative enzymes and was completely linearized upon brief exposure to 405 nm light. In the course of investigating the function of the ccMOs in zebrafish, we discovered that zebrafish possess paralogous gad1 genes, gad1a and gad1b. A gad1b MO injected at the 1-4 cell stage caused severe morphological defects in head development, which could be bypassed, enabling the fish to develop normally, if the fish were injected with a photoactivatable, cyclized gad1b MO and grown in the dark. At 1 day post fertilization (dpf), light activation of the gad1b MO followed by observation at 3 and 7 dpf led to increased and abnormal electrophysiological brain activity compared to wild type animals. The photocleavable linker can be used to cyclize and inactivate any MO, and represents a general strategy to parse the function of developmentally important genes in a spatiotemporal manner.

中文翻译:

绕过谷氨酸脱羧酶1(Gad1)诱导的颅面缺损与光激活翻译阻滞剂吗啉。

γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)介导的信号在中枢和肠神经系统,胰腺,肺和其他组织中至关重要。它与许多神经系统疾病和颅面发育有关。谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)由谷氨酸合成GABA,而敲除gad1基因会导致颅面缺陷,在斑马鱼中具有致命性。为了绕过这一点并能够观察到由于敲低gad1表达而引起的神经系统缺陷,通过用光可裂解的连接基环化制备了针对gad1的可光活化吗啉代寡核苷酸(MO),从而使MO失去活性。环化的MO在黑暗中和对降解酶稳定,在短暂暴露于405 nm光后完全线性化。在调查ccMO在斑马鱼中的功能的过程中,我们发现斑马鱼拥有旁系的gad1基因,gad1a和gad1b。如果在鱼中注入可光活化的环化gad1b MO,并在黑暗中生长,则在1-4个细胞阶段注入的gad1b MO会导致头部发育的严重形态缺陷,可以绕开该缺陷,从而使鱼正常发育。受精后(dpf)1天,与野生型动物相比,gad1b MO的光激活,然后在3和7 dpf观察导致脑电活动增加和异常。可光裂解的接头可用于环化和灭活任何MO,并代表以时空方式解析具有重要发展意义的基因的功能的一般策略。如果在鱼中注入可光活化的环化gad1b MO,并在黑暗中生长,则在1-4个细胞阶段注入的gad1b MO会导致头部发育的严重形态缺陷,可以绕开该缺陷,从而使鱼正常发育。受精后(dpf)1天,与野生型动物相比,gad1b MO的光激活,然后在3和7 dpf观察导致脑电活动增加和异常。可光裂解的接头可用于环化和灭活任何MO,并代表以时空方式解析具有重要发展意义的基因的功能的一般策略。如果在鱼中注入可光活化的环化gad1b MO,并在黑暗中生长,则在1-4个细胞阶段注入的gad1b MO会导致头部发育的严重形态缺陷,可以绕开该缺陷,从而使鱼正常发育。受精后(dpf)1天,与野生型动物相比,gad1b MO的光激活,然后在3和7 dpf观察导致脑电活动增加和异常。可光裂解的接头可用于环化和灭活任何MO,并代表以时空方式解析具有重要发展意义的基因的功能的一般策略。受精后(dpf)1天,与野生型动物相比,gad1b MO的光激活,然后在3和7 dpf观察导致脑电活动增加和异常。可光裂解的接头可用于环化和灭活任何MO,并代表以时空方式解析具有重要发展意义的基因的功能的一般策略。受精后(dpf)1天,与野生型动物相比,gad1b MO的光激活,然后在3和7 dpf观察导致脑电活动增加和异常。可光裂解的接头可用于环化和灭活任何MO,并代表以时空方式解析具有重要发展意义的基因的功能的一般策略。
更新日期:2018-09-10
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