Liquid Metal Batteries (LMBs) are a promising concept for cheap electrical energy storage at grid level. These are built as a stable density stratification of three liquid layers, with two liquid metals separated by a molten salt. In order to ensure a safe and efficient operation, the understanding of transport phenomena in LMBs is essential. With this motivation we study thermal convection induced by internal heat generation. We consider the electrochemical nature of the cell in order to define the heat balance and the operating parameters. Moreover we develop a simple 1D heat conduction model as well as a fully 3D thermo-fluid dynamics model. The latter is implemented in the CFD library OpenFOAM, extending the volume of fluid solver, and validated against a pseudo-spectral code. Both models are used to study a rectangular 10$\times$10 cm² Li||Bi LMB cell at three different states of charge.

液态金属电池（LMB）是一种在电网级别廉价存储电能的有前途的概念。这些被构建为三个液体层的稳定密度分层，其中两个液体金属被熔融盐隔开。为了确保安全有效地运行，必须了解LMB中的传输现象。以此动机，我们研究了由内部热量产生引起的热对流。我们考虑电池的电化学性质，以定义热量平衡和操作参数。此外，我们开发了一个简单的一维热传导模型以及一个完整的3D热流体动力学模型。后者在CFD库OpenFOAM中实现，扩展了流体求解器的体积，并针对伪光谱代码进行了验证。两种模型都用于研究矩形10$\times$10cm²Li || Bi LMB电池处于三种不同的充电状态。