Background

The gut microbiota is a putative target for dietary interventions for cardio-metabolic health (CMH), including prevention of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This has generated considerable interest, but the actual feasibility for diet or specific foods to induce measurable, sustained and meaningful benefits for CMH risk by this route remains uncertain.

Scope and approach

This report summarises an expert workshop assessing the gut microbiota as a relevant, feasible and competitive target for CMH benefits by dietary interventions. It summarises the expert presentations and overall view of participants on the current status and outlook, considering also implications for the food industry.

Key findings and conclusions

Changing the gut microbiota by diet is possible, but an assessment of the impact on CMH risk is still needed, including clarifying advantages above other known dietary routes. The individual gut microbiota composition may in part determine the impact of diet and its effects on health. Therefore, future developments may identify individuals at risk and thus possible modification of the microbiota to achieve benefits in susceptible (sub) populations depending on their initial microbiota composition. Prebiotics currently appear to be the most promising ingredients; however, required doses may be relatively high and the actual role of gut microbiota needs further assessment. Overall, causal evidence linking gut microbiota interventions with CMH benefits are developing in preclinical models but are still lacking in humans. A significant research effort is needed and ongoing to determine whether potential effects can be reliably substantiated.

中文翻译：

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肠道菌群是否是心脏代谢健康的相关且竞争性的饮食目标？专家研讨会的议事录

背景

肠道菌群是饮食干预以促进心脏代谢健康（CMH）的假定目标，其中包括预防肥胖，2型糖尿病和心血管疾病。这引起了极大的兴趣，但是通过这种途径，饮食或特定食物对于CMH风险诱发可测量的，持续的和有意义的益处的实际可行性仍然不确定。

范围和方法

本报告总结了一个专家研讨会，该研讨会评估了肠道微生物群是通过饮食干预获得CMH益处的相关，可行和竞争性目标。它总结了专家介绍和与会人员对当前状况和前景的总体看法，同时还考虑了对食品行业的影响。

主要发现和结论

可以通过饮食改变肠道菌群，但是仍然需要评估对CMH风险的影响，包括阐明优于其他已知饮食途径的优势。单个肠道菌群组成可能部分决定饮食的影响及其对健康的影响。因此，未来的发展可能会确定有风险的个体，从而可能对微生物群进行修改，从而根据其初始微生物群组成，在易感（亚群）人群中实现收益。益生元目前似乎是最有前途的成分。然而，所需剂量可能相对较高，肠道菌群的实际作用需要进一步评估。总体而言，在临床前模型中正在发展将肠道菌群干预与CMH益处联系起来的因果证据，但在人类中仍然缺乏。