Zinc oxide (ZnO) as an electron transport material has been used in regular planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, ZnO nanoparticles serve as an additive directly in perovskite active layer in order to fabricate a bulk-heterojunction inverted planar PSC. The CH₃NH₃PbI_3-xCl_x:ZnO bulk heterojunction is prepared by mixing ZnO nanoparticles into CH₃NH₃PbI_3-xCl_x precursor solution. ZnO nanoparticles act as catalytic centers and induce the growth of perovskite grains leading to the formation of large-size perovskite crystals. Remarkably, hysterysis-free power conversion efficiency of 17.26% is achieved when precisely control the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in CH₃NH₃PbI_xCl_3-x:ZnO bulk heterojunction active layer. The presence of ZnO nanoparticles in the perovskite films enhances the conductivity and electron mobility. Efficient charge injection of CH₃NH₃PbI_xCl_3-x:ZnO film can improve charge extraction in the PSCs. Moreover, the PSCs with CH₃NH₃PbI_xCl_3-x:ZnO bulk heterojunction exhibit high fill factor of 77.3% and short current density of 22.71 mA cm⁻², which is attributed to improved perovskite quality. The bulk heterojunction structure is fabricated by combining perovskite and metal oxides, which is of great importance to the development and commercialization of PSCs in the future.

氧化锌（ZnO）作为电子传输材料已用于常规的平面钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）中。在本文中，ZnO纳米颗粒直接在钙钛矿活性层中用作添加剂，以制造体-异质结倒置的平面PSC。通过将ZnO纳米颗粒混合到CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI _3-x Cl _x中来制备CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI _3-x Cl _x：ZnO本体异质结前体溶液。ZnO纳米粒子充当催化中心并诱导钙钛矿晶粒的生长，从而导致形成大型钙钛矿晶体。值得注意的是，当精确控制CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI _x Cl _3-x：ZnO本体异质结有源层中ZnO纳米粒子的浓度时，可实现17.62％的无滞后功率转换效率。钙钛矿薄膜中ZnO纳米粒子的存在增强了电导率和电子迁移率。CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI _x Cl _3-x：ZnO膜的高效电荷注入可以改善PSC中的电荷提取。此外，具有CH ₃ NH ₃的PSCPbI _x Cl _3-x：ZnO本体异质结表现出77.3％的高填充因子和22.71 mA cm ^-2的短电流密度，这归因于钙钛矿质量的提高。通过结合钙钛矿和金属氧化物来制造体异质结结构，这对于未来PSC的开发和商业化具有重要意义。