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The Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Spectrometer (CFIS), mapping far red fluorescence from aircraft
Remote Sensing of Environment ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.08.032
Christian Frankenberg , Philipp Köhler , Troy S. Magney , Sven Geier , Peter Lawson , Mark Schwochert , James McDuffie , Darren T. Drewry , Ryan Pavlick , Andreas Kuhnert

The Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Spectrometer (CFIS) is an airborne high resolution imaging spectrometer built at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for evaluating solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2). OCO-2 is a NASA mission designed to measure atmospheric CO_2 but one of the novel data products is SIF, retrieved using reductions in the optical depth of Fraunhofer lines in OCO-2’s O_2 A-band, covering 757–775 nm at 0.042 nm spectral resolution. CFIS was specifically designed to retrieve SIF within the wavelength range of OCO-2, but extends further down to 737 nm, nearly maintaining the high spectral resolution of the OCO-2 instrument (0.07 vs. 0.042 nm). Here, we provide an overview of the instrument calibration and performance as well as the retrieval strategy based on non-linear weighted least-squares. To illustrate the retrieval performance using actual flight data, we focus on data acquired over agricultural fields in Mead, Nebraska from an unpressurized Twin Otter (DHC-6) aircraft at a flight altitude of 3000 m above ground level (AGL). Spectral residuals are consistent with expected detector noise, which enables us to compute realistic 1-σ precision errors of 0.5–0.7 W/m^2/sr/μm for typical SIF retrievals, which can be reduced to <0.2 W/m^2/sr/μm when individual data is gridded at 30 m spatial resolution. The 30 m resolution also enabled direct comparison with the Crop Data Layer from the National Agricultural Statistics Service as well as Landsatimagery (NDVI, EVI, T_(skin)), taken just a day prior to the CFIS overflights. Results show consistently higher vegetation indices and SIF values over soy fields compared to corn, likely due to the respective phenological stage, which might already have affected chlorophyll content and canopy structure (August 15, 2016). While this work is intended to highlight the technical capabilities and performance of CFIS, the comparisons against Landsat and crop types provide insights into how CFIS can be used to study mechanisms related to photosynthesis at fine spatial scales, with the fidelity needed to obtain un-biased SIF retrievals void of atmospheric correction.

中文翻译:

叶绿素荧光成像光谱仪 (CFIS),绘制来自飞机的远红色荧光

叶绿素荧光成像光谱仪 (CFIS) 是一种机载高分辨率成像光谱仪,由美国宇航局喷气推进实验室 (JPL) 建造,用于评估来自轨道碳天文台 2 (OCO-2) 的太阳诱导荧光 (SIF)。OCO-2 是 NASA 的一项任务,旨在测量大气 CO_2,但其中一种新颖的数据产品是 SIF,它使用 OCO-2 的 O_2 A 波段中弗劳恩霍夫谱线的光学深度的减少来检索,在 0.042 nm 光谱覆盖 757–775 nm解析度。CFIS 专门设计用于在 OCO-2 的波长范围内检索 SIF,但进一步扩展到 737 nm,几乎保持了 OCO-2 仪器的高光谱分辨率(0.07 与 0.042 nm)。这里,我们概述了仪器校准和性能以及基于非线性加权最小二乘法的检索策略。为了说明使用实际飞行数据的检索性能,我们重点研究了在内布拉斯加州米德的农田上从地面以上 3000 米(AGL)飞行高度的未加压双水獭(DHC-6)飞机上获取的数据。光谱残差与预期的探测器噪声一致,这使我们能够为典型的 SIF 检索计算 0.5–0.7 W/m^2/sr/μm 的实际 1-σ 精度误差,该误差可以减少到 <0.2 W/m^2 /sr/μm 当单个数据以 30 m 空间分辨率网格化时。30 m 分辨率还可以与国家农业统计局的作物数据层以及陆地卫星图像(NDVI、EVI、T_(skin))进行直接比较,在 CFIS 飞越前一天拍摄。结果显示,与玉米相比,大豆田的植被指数和 SIF 值始终较高,这可能是由于各自的物候阶段,这可能已经影响了叶绿素含量和冠层结构(2016 年 8 月 15 日)。虽然这项工作旨在突出 CFIS 的技术能力和性能,但与 Landsat 和作物类型的比较提供了关于如何使用 CFIS 在精细空间尺度上研究与光合作用相关的机制的见解,以及获得无偏差所需的保真度SIF 反演没有大气校正。这可能已经影响了叶绿素含量和冠层结构(2016 年 8 月 15 日)。虽然这项工作旨在突出 CFIS 的技术能力和性能,但与 Landsat 和作物类型的比较提供了关于如何使用 CFIS 在精细空间尺度上研究与光合作用相关的机制的见解,以及获得无偏差所需的保真度SIF 反演没有大气校正。这可能已经影响了叶绿素含量和冠层结构(2016 年 8 月 15 日)。虽然这项工作旨在突出 CFIS 的技术能力和性能,但与 Landsat 和作物类型的比较提供了关于如何使用 CFIS 在精细空间尺度上研究与光合作用相关的机制的见解,以及获得无偏差所需的保真度SIF 反演没有大气校正。
更新日期:2018-11-01
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