When movements become dysmetric, the resultant motor error induces a plastic change in the cerebellum to correct the movement, i.e., motor adaptation. Current evidence suggests that the error signal to the cerebellum is delivered by complex spikes originating in the inferior olive (IO). To prove a causal link between the IO error signal and motor adaptation, several studies blocked the IO, which, unfortunately, affected not only the adaptation but also the movement itself. We avoided this confound by inactivating the source of an error signal to the IO. Several studies implicate the superior colliculus (SC) as the source of the error signal to the IO for saccade adaptation. When we inactivated the SC, the metrics of the saccade to be adapted were unchanged, but saccade adaptation was impaired. Thus, an intact rostral SC is necessary for saccade adaptation. Our data provide experimental evidence for the cerebellar learning theory that requires an error signal to drive motor adaptation.

当运动变得不正常时，所产生的运动误差会导致小脑的塑性变化，从而纠正运动，即运动适应性。当前证据表明，小脑的错误信号是由下橄榄（IO）发出的复杂尖峰传递的。为了证明IO错误信号与电机适应之间存在因果关系，一些研究阻止了IO，但不幸的是，这不仅影响了适应，还影响了运动本身。我们通过取消向IO的错误信号源来避免这种混淆。多项研究表明上丘关节（SC）是IO的误差信号源，用于扫视适应。当我们停用SC时，要适应的扫视指标没有变化，但扫视适应受到了损害。因此，完整的眼球SC对于扫视适应是必要的。我们的数据为小脑学习理论提供了实验证据，该理论需要一个误差信号来驱动运动适应。